Disruptive content

Disruptive Content: The Online Course Revolution Brian Bridges Director, California Learning Resource Network

California Learning Resource Network
Your one-stop source for standards-aligned electronic learning resources

Electronic Learning Resources
Software, Internet, video, and video streaming
Six subject areas
2600 posted reviews
250/yearly

Free Web Information Links
Reviews of 4,100 free and commercial-free web sites
Primary, secondary, & reference materials
Free software and web tools

Electronic Learning Assessment Resources
Data assessment and warehouses

Digital Textbook Initiative
Phase One
Reviewed 20 math and science books
Phase Two
Reviewed 17 math, science, and history books
Phase Three
Reviewed 13 online, interactive math, science, and history “books”

Phase 3, Digital Textbook Initiative
13 online, interactive digital textbooks reviewed
Five HSS
Two mathematics
Six science
Six met all the content standards
10 met 90% of the standards

Common Core Standards
Adopted by 44 states
CA supplemented with 15% additional standards; SBE adopted on 8/2/10

Common Core @ CLRN
CLRN’s database and web site now programmed for publishers, admins, and reviewers
ELR Publishers may submit resources aligned to either CC or CA standards

High School CC Math
Continues to be problematic
CC defines strands, not courses
Algebra
Functions
Modeling
Geometry
Statistics and Probability

High School Courses
Algebra I
Geometry
Algebra II
Mathematics I
Mathematics II
Mathematics III
Requires legislation to authorize SBE to adopt Pathways courses.

Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns
Clayton Christensen and Michael Horn

Disruptive Innovation Theory
Customers’ needs tend to be stable
Companies improve their products
Most innovations improve products for current customers
Some sustaining innovations represent dramatic breakthroughs

Sustaining the Camera

Disruptive Innovations…
NOT a breakthrough improvement
Existing customers can not utilize it
And are not attracted to it
Benefit “non consumers”

The Disruptive Cycle
Competing for non-consumers
Technology improves / cost declines
Compete for original customers

The Camera Disruption
First digital camera by Kodak (1975)
.01 megapixels

The Camera Disruption
First digital camera by Kodak (1975)
.01 megapixels
Kodak DCS 100 (1991)
1 Megapixel for $13K
Film still thrived

NY Times, 1992

N.Y. Times
“ On July 15, 11 minutes after Gov. Bill Clinton appeared on the podium as the Democratic nominee for President, an Associated Press picture of that moment was being laid out for the front pages of the next day's newspapers across the country.
This speed was possible because there was no film to develop: the photographer had made his picture with the Kodak DCS 100 digital camera and transmitted it via a computer modem, saving as much as 20 minutes in processing and transmission”

1999: NY Times
“ Early digital cameras were expensive and had such low picture quality, or resolution, that they fared poorly in a comparison with a $10 disposable camera…..
A new generation of even better cameras, with two-megapixel resolutions, arrived this summer for about $1,000.”

NY Times: Christmas, 2001
“ The digital camera market just exploded this year.”
(and iPhoto was released)

Change is a Process

Disruptive Innovations, like a train’s headlight, are always visible to us long before pass by.

Old Music Industry Model
Sustaining Innovations
Albums > Cassettes > CDs

Disrupting Music
Digital music = Disruption
CD sales tumble
Is the music industry dying?
“ It’s not the music industry that is dying. It is the CD business.”

New Music Model=Shift of Power
Power shift from label to artist
“ Getting signed” is no longer the goal of every artist
Creation of a new middle class of artists
Greater consumer choice

Online Course Revolution
Just as digital textbooks grew first in colleges, online course growth has preceded growth in K-12.

Online Course Growth
Allan & Seaman/Sloan Consortium
Class Differences: Online Education in the United States, 2010

Students Learning Online
2002: 1.6 million students
9.6% of enrollment
18% of enrollment
29% of enrollment
An increase of one million students over 2008
Online learning increases by 20% each year

Total vs. Online Enrollment

Projected Growth

You see the train coming?

More Class Differences Data
63% of institutions said that online learning was a critical part of their institution’s long term strategy.
A majority of institutions continue to report that there is increasing competition for online students.

Comparing Learning Outcomes
66% rated the learning outcomes in online education as the same or superior to those in face-to-face.
75% believe that online courses are as good or better than face-to-face instruction.

Competition for Online Students
60% of academic leaders polled believe that there is increasing competition for online students in higher education.

Washington State Community Colleges
eLearning Growth …last 12 months
eLearning up 31%
Of all state funded FTE growth:
58% of the growth was eLearning
Source: SBCTC Data Warehouse

Washington CC e-Learning Growth
111,000 students learn Online each year + 51,000 Hybrid (headcount)
Online learning is the most popular form of eLearning, comprising 65 percent.
up 20% growth
Hybrid courses (online + face-to-face) are growing rapidly.
67% growth

eLearning Growth …last 12 months

See the train coming?. Will you stare at it like a deer looking into the headlights of an approaching car? Will you get run over or will you compete?

Survey of Online Learning Preparedness, 2010
Education Week/Blackboard

Survey Demographics
August 2010
9400 responses, across all district sizes, and states
18% from Superintendents and Asst. Superintendents
12% from Directors of Curriculum or Instruction
6% from district CTOs
6% Director of Special Education or Pupil Services

Students are NOT able to take all the courses they want. “ lack of available staff”

Students need personalized pacing Students need more learning time outside school

Students need additional or alternative credit recovery opportunities

Your district meets students online learning needs Denial

Your districts wants to deliver courses virtually

Only non-consumers like the menu at the Disruptive Innovation restaurant

Project Tomorrow
Why are Students choosing online courses?

Why are Students Choosing Online Courses?
Earn college credit
Work at my own pace
Class not offered at my school
Complete HS requirements
Better fits my schedule

Online Course Non-Consumers
Orphan Courses
AP anything
World languages
Independent Study
Credit Recovery
College Credit
Summer School
Home School

Disrupting Class @ Online Courses
2013: Tipping point
2019: 50% of all

The US Market for Self-paced eLearning Products and Services: 2010-2015 Forecast and Analysis Ambient Insight Summary posted at T.H.E. Journal

Product Substitution
When consumers begin buying the disruption instead of the original product.
Virtual schools beginning to target core curriculum .
Instead of just offering courses to non-consumers.

Budget cuts spur an increase in online students
Schools reducing spending on summer school and brick-and-mortar credit recovery.
Increased spending on self-paced products which are more cost efficient.

2010-2015 Growth

How do you know if it’s any good?

Not everything you read on the Internet is true.
Or why all educational resources should be vetted.

Virginia Textbook Scandal
Our Virginia: Past and Present
4 th grade history text
Black soldiers fought for the South
6K died at the Battle of Bull Run
Actually, 22K
Hundreds of factual errors

Online Course Quality
Content standard/Common Core alignment
Are they approved by the:
NCAA
College Board
UC a-g requirements

Self- Reviewing Resources
Just like you do now for high school textbooks.

CCSESA TTSC Survey
Online Credit Recovery Programs
August 2010

Survey Class
71 agencies
45 districts
20 county offices

Top Six Programs Used
Apex
Odysseyware
CyberHigh
Plato
E2020
Aventa

Describe the Selection Process
Vendor demonstrations
Committee review
Open bid to vendors
UC approved
Cost

Standards for Online Courses
Southern Regional Education Board
iNACOL
Texas Virtual School Network
Washington State Digital Learning Dept.
California Learning Resource Network

iNACOL/TxVSN/CLRN Online Course Standards
Content
Instructional Design
Student Assessment
Technology
Course Evaluation and Management
Professional Development and Technical Support

Content
Content depth and breadth
Information literacy skills
Learning resources and materials
Communication process between teachers, parents, and students
Content accuracy and bias

Instructional Design
Course design and organization
Meaningful and authentic learning experiences
Multiple learning paths for students to master the content
Higher-order thinking skills
Instructor-student and student-student interactions; and supplemental tools and resources.

Student Assessment
Alignment between the course goals and activities and its assessment strategies
Insure that there are adequate and appropriate methods to assess students
Assure that students are constantly aware of their progress.

Technology
Course architecture
User interface
Accessibility
Interoperability

Course Evaluation and Management
Evaluating course effectiveness
Course updates
Accreditation

Professional Development & Technical Support
PD regarding the online course delivery system
Technical support and course management assistance
PD in the behavioral, social, and emotional, aspects of online learning
Student orientation to prepare them to succeed in an online learning environment.

CLRN Online Course Reviews
CLRN will review HS ELA & Math courses beginning this summer.
Common Core and the original recipe standards.

Online Course Reviews
CLRN assembled online course stakeholder
Industry, curriculum, CDE, advocates
Met six times
Updated/supplemented iNACOL criteria

National Standards Update
Collaborated with Texas Virtual School Network
Accepted all of CA’s changes
Advocated iNACOL to update
CLRN/iNACOL collaborated to chair national standards update committee

National Standards Update
Group composed of industry, advocates, reviewers, and curriculum
Five online meetings scheduled
Sections A-D are now finalized.
Built into Standard A4 are CA’s Model Library Standards

CLRN Online Course Reviews
Publishers will submit course through CLRN system
Content standards correlation
Online standards correlation
Online course features

Two-part Review @ CLRN
Review site responsibility
Content standards alignment
Social content review
Minimum requirements
Many, but not all, online standards
CLRN Central reviews remainder of online standards

CLRN CHome Page Sign-in CLRN makes it easy for you to find standards-aligned online courses, Internet learning resources, software, and video. CLRN identifies and reviews thousands of Electronic Learning Resources (ELR) Online Courses (OCR), Web Information Links (WILs) and provides them in searchable databases. Browse thousands Web Information Links (WILs) of free primary, secondary, reference, Web 2.0, and open-source software resources. Our Electronic Learning Resource (ELAR) reviews provide detailed descriptions of data assessment and management resources that simplify delivery, aggregation, and disaggregation of assessment data. Online Courses (OCR) Basic Search English-Language Arts Mathematics Course Criteria QUICK SEARCH  Resources (ELRs)  Online Courses (OCRs)  Web Info Links (WILs)  Assessment Tools (ELARs) _______________ Search

OCR Basic Search Online Course Basic Search Please enter your search criteria below and click on the "Perform Search" button. You can expand your search results by choosing Expand my Search Results for the Search Type. Online Courses (OCR) Subject:  English-Language Arts  English-Language Arts Common Core  Mathematics  Mathematics Common Core Grade Level(s): ☐ 9 th ☐ 10 th ☐ 11 th ☐ 12 th Course Type: ☐ Online Course ☐ Blended/Hybrid Course Course Length: ☐ Semester ☐ Year Sign-in

Math Browse Online Courses(OCR) Mathematics Algebra I (3 resources) Trigonometry (1 resource) Geometry (1 resource) Linear Algebra (2 resources) Algebra II (1 resource) Probability and Statistics (0 resources) Calculus (2 resources) Advanced Placement Probability and Statistic s (1 resource) Note: show up to 20 recent reviews at the beginning until user clicks a subject at top. Note: clicking on subjects at top displays a list of just the resources for that subject. As with ELR, make CC reviews yellow. Click on a column header to re-sort by that column Compare Resource Title Grades Course Length Content Standards Online Standards Publisher Posted ☐ Advanced Algebra II 9,10,11,12 Year long 26 of 27 51 of 53 Connexions 8/11/2009 ☐ Calculus 9,10,11,12 Semester 31 of 32 45 of 53 David Guichard 8/11/2009

ELA Browse Online Courses (OCR) English-Language Arts Grade 9/10 (1 resource) Grades 11/12 (2 resources) Click on a column header to re-sort by that column Compare Resource Title Grades Course Length Content Standards Online Standards Publisher Posted ☐ Advanced Algebra II 9,10,11,12 Year long 26 of 27 51 of 53 Connexions 8/11/2009 ☐ Calculus 9,10,11,12 Semester 31 of 32 45 of 53 David Guichard 8/11/2009

Individual Course Review Brief Description Education2020’s English Language Arts 9/10 Bundle provides comprehensive coverage for the California English Language Arts Standards. The instructional content provides rigorous training in the foundations of English Language Arts skills and strategies. In addition, the program provides opportunity to learn and apply reading and comprehension strategies including visualizing, making inferences and predictions, and recognizing organizational patterns in online and offline texts. The program exposes students to a variety of contemporary and classic literature, expository test, drama, and poetry. Students receive hands-on training in applying the writing process, evaluating essays using the Six Traits of Effective Writing, and using MLA style and documentation. Support is provided for struggling students. Students compose and evaluate literary, persuasive, narrative, and informative essays. The program is dedicated to creating effective and adaptable readers, writers, and consumers of media, and has also infused the unit structure with lessons in 21st century skills, media literacy, and communication. Students progress through the lessons with a series of activities such as direct instruction videos by certified Online Course Education 2020 Language Arts Purpose Statement This semester length Online Course, aligned to the English-language arts Common Core Standards, is designed for students in grades 9-12. This course utilizes an online, remote teacher. Sign-in User Feedback Question Rating (1-4 stars) No. of Reviews User Recommended Met Expectations Engaging
All Educator Reviews | All Student Reviews
Share your opinion: Educator | Student
View Each Section
Description
Content Standards
Online Standards
Profile
Abstract
Additional Features
Reviewer Notes
Publisher Information
Print Version

Feedback: Educator Q

Feedback Questions: Educator
Would you recommend this course to others?
To what extent does this online course meet your overall expectations?
To what extent does this course engage and maintain student interest?
To what extent did the online course generally enable students to meet course objectives?

Feedback Questions: Educator
To what extent does the online course need to be supplemented with face-to-face instruction and student support?
To what extent was ongoing and periodic student performance assessment accessible online for you to monitor student progress?
Please list the major strengths or specific improvements needed.

User Feedback: Complete Results Online Courses Title of Online Course: Complete Educator Feedback Results To sort reviews by category , click on the category in the header. School Type Reviewer Position Recommend Met Expectations Engaging Meet Objectives Face-to-face Accessible Assessment Strengths improvements

Feedback Questions: Student

What was the reason for taking this course?
Course was taken for credit recovery.
Course was a prerequisite for advanced level courses.
Course was required for graduation.
Course was not offered at school of attendance.
Course at school was unavailable due to scheduled conflict.
Other (explain)

Feedback: Students
Course procedures were clearly posted.
Necessary information and materials were received on time.
Instructions were clear for all materials and course activities.
Assignment and test grades were provided in a timely manner.
Instructor feedback was timely and frequent.
Students are offered an orientation

Feedback: Students
Course was well organized.
Activities supported course goals.
Course provided opportunities for students to learn from each other.
There were frequent tests and quizzes that reflected course content.
Discussion groups were generally well organized.
Course is appropriate for an online environment.

User Feedback: Complete Results Online Courses Title of Online Course: Complete Student Feedback Results To sort reviews by category , click on the category in the header. School Type Recommend Met Expectations Engaging Reason for Taking improvements Course Management Agree No. of Reviews Course procedures were clearly posted Necessary information and materials were received on time. Instructions were clear for all materials and course activities. Assignment and test grades were provided in a timely manner. Discussion groups were well organized. Instructor feedback was timely and regular. Course Organization Agree No. of Reviews Course was well organized. Course activities supported desired outcomes. Course provided opportunities for students to learn from each other Course activities engaged students in active learning that included authentic learning activities, collaborative learning, games or analysis. Students are offered an orientation to prepare them to succeed in an online learning environment.

Individual Course: Online Standards Display e2020 Online Courses (OCR) Sign-in View Each Section
Description
Content Standards
Online Standards
Profile
Abstract
Additional Features
Reviewer Notes
Print Version

Individual Course: Features Online Courses(OCR) e2020 English Language Arts 9/10 Additional Features Sign-in Course Teacher This online course is designed to be supplemented by a face-to-face teacher. Instructional Design The resource enables or supports student-constructed or initiated projects or activities . The resource allows opportunities for student collaboration or cooperative learning . Assessment The resource monitors student, class or group progress in using the resource. The resource provides summative assessments if appropriate. The resource provides access for students to review their own progress in the resource. Universal Access Features Design principles for advanced learners. View Each Section
Description
Content Standards
Online Standards
Profile
Abstract
Additional Features
Reviewer Notes
Print Version

Individual Course: Features cont Online Courses(OCR) e2020 English Language Arts 9/10 Additional Features Sign-in Technology The resource incorporates teacher-controlled features . The resource incorporates student-controlled features . Support Materials Professional development is available. Technical support is available. Internet Access Internet site provides for display of student work. Internet site provides collaborative features like e-mail, discussion groups, online mentors. View Each Section
Description
Content Standards
Online Standards
Profile
Abstract
Additional Features
Reviewer Notes
Print Version

Individual Course: Profile e2020 English Language Arts 9/10 Profile Information Online Courses(OCR) Sign-in Catalogue Data Subject Area English-language arts Common Core Type Online Course Grade (s) 9, 10 Reading Level 9-12 Copyright Year 2010 Tech Support Phone (209) 555-1212 Instructional Data Course Type Blended/Hybrid Course Course Length Year Long Accreditation NCAA Approved Special Student Populations Features Transcripts available for video and audio files Alternative Description for graphics, maps, hyperlinks, etc Languages other than English View Each Section
Description
Content Standards
Online Standards
Profile
Abstract
Additional Features
Reviewer Notes
Print Version
Additional Catalogue Info Last Updated July 14, 2010 Copyright All Rights Reserved

Who are the Players?
From Keeping Pace 2010

State Virtual Schools
Run by a state education agency
Offering individual courses
State-wide reach
Florida Virtual School & Michigan Virtual School

State Virtual Schools

Multi-District Full-Time Online Schools
Charter or District Run
Offering Full Time Courses
State-wide Reach
California Virtual Academy
Oregon Connections Academy
Minnesota Virtual High School

Multi-district Full-Time Online Schools

Single District Programs
Run by a Single District
Full Time or Supplemental
Offering Courses only to District Students

Commercial Players
Florida Virtual School / Pearson
K12.com
Aventa
Connections Academy
Advanced Academics
Odysseyware

Florida Virtual School
Founded 1997
Internet-based public high school
FLVS gets the ADA
100 courses available to all students in Florida
Licensed by Pearson in the other 49

FLVS Growth Data

K12.com Courses
Math
English
History
Science
World Languages
Electives

K.12 Math Courses
Math Foundations
Algebra I & II
Geometry
Pre-Calculus/Trig
AP Calculus
AP Statistics
Independent Study
$30/month
Teacher-supported
$375/semester

California Virtual Academy
Virtual charter school
10, district sponsored charter schools around CA.
Curriculum provided by K12.com

Will Online Courses Put K-12 Schools Out of Business?

Stock Price
January 1999 – January 2011
The Kodak Slide 92% decrease over 12 years This could be the trend line for your ADA the next 12 years. 1999: $63/share 1/2011: $5.50/Share

Established vs. Disruptive
Digital cameras destroyed Polaroid, Fuji, and nearly Kodak.
Charter school competition.
but, charter schools have boundaries
Online Schools- State-led Virtual Schools w/o boundaries.

Disruptive in Florida

7K Students / No Teacher
54 schools & 7,000 students
Virtual Classrooms/e-learning labs
40 students. One class “facilitator.”
Curriculum from Florida Virtual School

New School Model?
ADA shift to schools that offer online courses
Small/rural districts must compete or lose students to online schools.

Play to your strengths
But prepare for the future.
What do you offer that online schools/courses can’t?
Non-consumer students at your school
Offer online courses that meet your students’ needs.

When consumers begin buying the disruption instead of the original product.
Virtual schools beginning to target core curriculum .
Instead of just offering courses to non-consumers.

Budget cuts spur an increase in online students
Schools reducing spending on summer school and brick-and-mortar credit recovery.
Increased spending on self-paced products which are more cost efficient.

The Rise of K-12 Blended Learning
January 2011
Michael Horn & Heather Staker

Blended Learning
Only 10% of students will join virtual schools.
Blended learning (blended/hybrid) will dominate
Six probable models

Six Blended Models
1. Face-to Face Driver
Face-to-face teachers deliver most of the courses.
Teacher utilizes online learning on a case-by-case basis to supplement or remediate.
2. Rotation
Students rotate on a fixed schedule between online learning and face-to-face.

Six Blended Models
3. Flex
Online platform delivers most of the curriculum.
Teachers provide on-site support as-needed.
4. Online Lab
Online platform delivers the entire course.
Paraprofessionals supervise.

Six Blended Models
5. Self-Blend
Students choose to take one or more courses online to supplement the school’s catalog.
6. Online Driver
An online platform and remote teacher delivers all the curricula.
Students work remotely.

Michael Horn
Schools teach using a monolithic batch system. When a class is ready to move on to a new concept, all students move on, regardless of how many have mastered the previous concept

If we want to educate every child to her maximum potential, we won’t get there with a system like this. Michael Horn

The Rise of K-12 Blended Learning
Online learning has the potential to be a disruptive force that will transform … America’s schools into a new model that is student-centric, highly personalized for each learner, and more productive, as it delivers dramatically better results at the same or lower cost.
Michael Horn

Horn @ CUE
Annual Computer Using Educators Conference
March 17-19
Michael Horn Keynote on March 18

SHORT-CIRCUITED: The Challenges Facing the Online Learning Revolution in California

Short Circuited
Governmental Red Tape
Mandating a 25:1 student-to-teacher ratio for virtual charter schools
Funding Disparity
Virtual Charter Schools receive 70% of ADA.
Union Opposition
Systemic Inertia and Dysfunction
School districts are often not interested in implementing online programs

10 Reasons Why Students Prefer Learning Online
Virtual School Symposium Panel

10 Reasons
I can sleep in.
I can pursue my passions.
I can focus on my work without distractions from my classmates.
I can move at my own pace.
I don’t have to compete to share my thoughts and ideas.

10 Reasons
I can take more interesting classes.
I can learn with a schedule that meets my needs.
I can learn despite health issues that might get in a way of a traditional class setting.
I can easily communicate with my teacher when I need to.
I can easily communicate with my classmates whenever I want.

Links and Contact
http://brianbridges.org

Disruptive Content: The Online Course Revolution Brian Bridges Director, California Learning Resource Network

Disruptive content

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