10 Tips to make your Website lightning-fast - SMX Stockholm 2012

- 10 Tips - To make your site lightning-fast!http://gdig.de/smxspeed Stockholm, October 2012 Bastian Grimm, Managing Partner - Grimm Digital - @basgr

About me Background: PHP & Java – Dev. CMS, shops & forums – Wazap! Game Search Engine Online Marketing since 2004 – SEO strategy consulting, in-house trainings & workshops, WordPress @basgr SEO, bla bla… Links, Links, Links…need some? Stuff to play with…

Get the Slide-Deck http://gdig.de/smxspeed

Very (very!) simplified model… So… here comes our (potential) visitor…

Very (very!) simplified model… … using Firefox. Or Chrome. Or… well…

Very (very!) simplified model… ... requesting the website of choice. YOUR website…

Very (very!) simplified model… Displaying the site requires sub-requesting further resources.

Very (very!) simplified model…The site will be sent back tothe user when all resources have been fetched.

One (simple) goal only:Make your site as fast as you can! Can you get, what Amazon got? 1%+ in revenue for every 100 ms in speed. Amazon study: http://gdig.de/amzn100

Detailed in-browserperformance analysis (req. Firebug Add-on)

YSlow! break-down:Pre- and post-caching.

Web-based performance analysis using the „Google factors”.. https://developers.google.com/pagespeed/

GWT Site Performance Info This is really not so good…!high load times = high bounce rate = loosing in SERP 1:1‘s https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/

#1: Reduce amount of requests

Get rid of multiple CSS & JS files 8 JS + 4 CSS req. on a single page is a bad idea! Move CSS to the top, JS to the Often times JS does change the footer to un-block rendering! style, so always do CSS before JS! Best case: 1 CSS + 1 JS file. Real world: 1-2 CSS, 1 int. + 2-3 ext. JS

Do CSS Sprites Combine multiple (small) images into one big image to save on HTTP requests. http://spriteme.org/

Tip: Balance parallelizable resources Even modern browsers don‘t allow 6+ connections per hostname at the same time! Using img1/img2/imgX.domain.com allows balancing requests to and between multiple sub-domains The result: A massive 6+ connections at a time. http://www.browserscope.org/

#2: Decrease size of request(s)

Minify CSS & JS files Minifying this (small) stylesheet results in 63% savings! For CSS, try: http://www.phpied.com/cssmin-js/ http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/compressor/ For JS, go with: http://www.crockford.com/javascript/jsmin.html https://developers.google.com/closure/compiler Removing unnecessary whitespaces, line- breaks and comments to reduce file-size. And: Makes it way harder for competitors to steal your code!

Enable GZIP compression Verify by checking the response headers, for “Content-Encoding“ to be set to “gzip“ On Apache, try “mod_deflate” which is straight forward: AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml Output compression does massively decrease file-sizes and therefore speeds up rendering. One of the ugliest sites ever: http://www.gzip.org/

Tip: Use Live HTTP Headers in Firefox To easily check request and response objects as well as their headers, try Live HTTP Headers or Fire Cookie. https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/live-http-headers/

Use a cookie-less domain Live HTTP headers reveals that no cookies are set for gstatic.com For static files, cookies are not required - disable cookie handling all together. http://www.ravelrumba.com/blog/static-cookieless-domain/

Tip: How to get rid of Cookies… Straight forward: Don’t set them…! Apache header manipulation using “mod_headers”: RequestHeader unset Cookie Stop cookies being passed back to the client : Header unset Set-Cookie Same goes for other components (like PHP, Java and the like) – each does provide functionality to disable Cookies. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html

#3: Implement proper caching

Setup caching for static resources Expires: Set the “Expires”-header to exactly Fri, 07 Sept 2013 03:18:06 GMT one year ahead of the request date Last-Modified: Set the “Last-Modified”-header to Fri, 07 Sept 2012 03:18:06 GMT the date the file was last modified Cache-Control: Set the “Cache-Control: max-age”- max-age=3153600 header to “3153600” (1 year, again) It’s important to specify one of Expires or Cache-Control max-age, and one of Last-Modified or ETag, for all cacheable resources.

Some caching pitfalls… <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/83faf15055698ec77/my.css" media="screen" /> Use URL fingerprinting to force refreshing of cached resources. But don’t use parameters to indicate versions – Squid et. al have issues ;) <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/my.css?v=83faf15055698ec77" media="screen" /> If you want to cache SSL contents,Header append Cache-Control make sure to have the “Cache "public, must-revalidate" control“-header to contain public.

#4: Clean-up that source-code

Remove HTML comments ANT can remove HTML comments at build-time using a ReplaceRegEx task There is no need for HTML comments on a live system, remove them during build-time. Or try this one: http://code.google.com/p/htmlcompressor/

Move inline CSS / JS to external files Make the HTML as small as possible. Move out inline CSS and JS to make it cache-able.

Don’t scale images using width / height The image dimensions are 220x93, but onsite it’ll be shown as 100x42. Small images = less file-size. Don’t scale down images using attributes, provide small ones!

Tip: Make images even smaller! Use tinyPNG to optimize PNG files without loosing in quality (up to 70% savings)JPEGmini does the same for JPEGfiles and will reduce your images massively (up to 80% smaller)! http://tinypng.org/ & http://www.jpegmini.com/

Don’t use empty href- / src-attributes IE makes a request to the directory in which the page is located. Safari & Chrome make a request to the actual page itself. Empty “href” & “src” attributes can make your site slow – they’re requesting themselves.

Don’t use @import in CSS <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/my.css" /> Always load CSS files using link-rel HTML tags. <style type="text/css"> @import "/styles/my.css"; @import url("/styles/my.css") screen; </style> Especially in external CSS, this will make your mama cry! Using CSS @import in external CSS makes it impossible for browsers to download in parallel.

#5: Consider asynchronous requests

Off-load components into AJAX fragments NO! Not this one…! I know: You guys are SEOs… you want ALL contents being crawl-able. So, use with care… like for filters, etc. AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML Using AJAX fragments does not block page loading! Credits: http://flic.kr/p/RGtz - AJAX Crawling: http://gdig.de/ajxcrwl

How about HeadJS? The beauty: Only a single JS needs to be loaded in <head>! HeadJS does enable parallelizing JS file downloads. Freaking awesome! http://headjs.com/

#6: Optimize your MySQL setup

Use the Slow Query Log[mysqld] Pro tip: Make sure to use “log-log-slow-queries = my-slow.log queries-not-using-indexes” option tolong_query_time = 5 find SELECTs without proper indices!log-queries-not-using-indexes# Run the Perl script: Get slow log parser to know how manysudo ./mysql_slow_log_parser.pl times queries appear, they take to exec./var/log/my-slow.log > slow.out and which are the worst ones! MySQL seems to be slow - but no idea why? Enable “log-slow-queries” in my.cnf Log parser download: http://gdig.de/slgparse

Don’t do search using MySQL Neither MATCH AGAINST nor LIKE queries are fast! SELECT * FROM table WHERE MATCH (field1, field2) AGAINST (query); Searching in MySQL is a performance killer! Consider switching to a real search server. http://lucene.apache.org/solr/ & http://sphinxsearch.com/

Consider simple table optimizations Do you really need “BIGINT”, maybe “INT” is enough? Sure, this string will ever have that many characters – “VARCHAR(20)” Also required to keep indexes in vs. “VARCHAR(255)”? memory by trimming the overhead! Consider carefully how to setup your database tables. It makes a huge difference!

Prioritize statements properly Use “INSERT DELAYED” to execute INSERTs without blocking other stuff! INSERT DELAYED INTO xyz (bla, blubb) VALUES (val1, val2); You need this data REALLY fast? “SELECT HIGH PRIORITY” helps! SELECT HIGH_PRIORITY foo, bar FROM XYZ; Do you need some data faster than other? Do you care about results of INSERT statements?

Make your server faster! If you’re lazy: Use MySQLTuner to get recommendations for optimizing your my.cnf settings There is a pretty good reason, MySQL comes with different pre-configuration files - Use them! https://github.com/rackerhacker/MySQLTuner-perl

Consider master- / slave-setups read-only write replicate MySQL replication is awesome – use different servers for reading and writing data. http://de.slideshare.net/osscube/mysql-performance-tuning-top-10-tips

#7: Optimize hosting & web-servers

Get reliable hosting Reliable hosting is key – make sure to choose a provider that fits your requirements. A starting point: http://gdig.de/ushosts

If you’re on Apache… Pro tip: “Small” stuff like disabling .htaccess can really improve performance! Google does provide “mod_pagespeed” to implement their best practices – give it a try! https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/mod

Or maybe: Consider replacing Apache… “nginx” is ridiculously fast – especially when serving static assets it’s probably the best you’ll find! http://www.nginx.com/

And: Reverse-proxy incoming requests All requests will be passed through a proxy, no direct access squid-cache.org to web-servers will be given. Optimising Web Delivery Get load off your web-server by setting up a dedicated box in front using SQUID Cache. http://www.squid-cache.org/

#8: Optimize your PHP setup

Use memcached sessions only! memcached comes with a php.ini settings custom PHP session handler - put session data straight to your servers RAM. session.save_handler = memcached session.save_path = "localhost:11211" By default, PHP will store session information on your servers HDDs – no good for high traffic sites! http://php.net/manual/en/intro.memcached.php

Get a PHP accelerator What you need to know: PHP code will be complied for each request during runtime. By using an accelerator like APC you can cache functions, objects and much more in memory. Better: It does also cache compiled byte-code! http://devzone.zend.com/1812/using-apc-with-php/

Try out PHP-FPM Read the full article: http://interfacelab.com/nginx-php-fpm-apc-awesome/ FastCGI Process Manager for PHP …is an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features useful for sites of any size, especially busier sites. http://php-fpm.org/

#9: Always be the first one to know!

Heavy load testing: blitz.io http://blitz.io/

Site-uptime & performance: pingdom http://www.pingdom.com/

Application & service monitoring: icinga https://www.icinga.org/

#10: Bit of a Cheat…

You could just buy me a beer!

Use Google’s CDN for popular libraries Since a lot of site-owners are using G-DCs, chances are, people have those files cached already! Google has the fastest CDN on the planet, make sure you use their DCs to serve your files if possible! https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/

Off-load other stuff to a CDN Latency is crucial – especially if you’re serving a global audience, offloading statics to a CDN will give additional performance. CDN Overview: http://gdig.de/cdns

OMCap 2011 - Online Marketing Konferenz Berlin And that’s it! …13.10.2011 Wait, still not enough? 62

Geek-stuff: JsExe - JavaScript compressor- Takes the original JavaScript file as the input- If it helps, the JS file is optimized using an improved version of Google Closure Compiler- File byte order is reversed or not (depending on whether it improves final compression)- It embeds the resulting file in a PNG image, choosing the best PNG format (RGB or gray).- Then it uses the most efficient PNG optimizer tool (PNGOUT or another one).- The output PNG is stripped of CRC and IEND block.- Finally a loader is appended to the output file.0 Have you ever considered serving JavaScript files as highly compressed PNG files?! Credits to: http://gdig.de/y | http://gdig.de/z

We’re almost there: Key take-aways 1) Serve all textual content, including HTML, scripts, styles, XML, JSON and plain text, in a gzipped format 2) Make fewer HTTP requests by combining components — JS, CSS & images (by using CSS Sprites) 3) Minify & place scripts at the bottom, CSS at top of your site 4) Use separate cookie-free domains for your static components

Thanks! Questions? mail@grimm-digital.com twitter.com/basgr linkedin.com/in/bastiangrimm facebook.com/grimm.digital http://gdig.de/smxspeedBastian Grimm, Managing Partner - Grimm Digital - @basgr

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10 Tips to make your Website lightning-fast - SMX Stockholm 2012

by Bastian Grimm on Oct 15, 2012

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