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Globalisation




                   Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



            Globalisation
• Definition:
  – An economic phenomenon?
  – A social phenomenon?
  – A cultural phenomenon?
• The movement towards the expansion
  of economic and social ties between
  countries through the spread of
  corporate institutions and the capitalist
  philosophy that leads to the shrinking
  of the world in economic terms.

                                     Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk




Globalisation


                       Globalisation
                       could involve
                       all these
                       things!



                   Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



        Integration of Economies
                                   • The increasing reliance of
                                     economies on each other
                                   • The opportunities to be
                                     able to buy and sell in
                                     any country in the world
                                   • The opportunities for
                                     labour and capital to
                                     locate anywhere in the
                                     world
                                   • The growth of global
Stock Markets are now accessible     markets in finance
from anywhere in the world!
Copyright: edrod, stock.xchng




                                                    Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



  Integration of Economies
• Made possible by:
 – Technology
 – Communication networks
 – Internet access
 – Growth of economic cooperation –
   trading blocs (EU, NAFTA, etc.)
 – Collapse of ‘communism’
 – Movement to free trade

                                Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



        Trade versus Aid?
• Benefits of Trade:
  – Increased choice
  – Greater potential
    for growth
  – Increase
    international
    economies of
    scale
  – Greater
    employment          Trade has led to massive increases in wealth
    opportunities       for many countries.
                        Copyright: budgetstock, stock.xchng



                                                          Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



             Trade versus Aid?
• Disadvantages
  of trade:
  – Increase in gap
    between the rich and
    the poor
  – Dominance of global
    trade by the rich,
    northern hemisphere
    countries
  – Lack of opportunities
    for the poor to be able
    to have access to         How far does trade help children like
    markets                   these?
  – Exploitation of           Copyright: clesio, stock.xchng
    workers and growers

                                                          Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



          Corporate Expansion
                                             • Multi-national
                                               or trans-national
                                               corporations
                                               (MNCs or TNCs) –
                                               businesses with
                                               a headquarters
                                               in one country but
                                               with business
No matter where you go in the world, certain   operations in a
businesses will always have a presence.
Copyright: mkeky, stock.xchng
                                               number of others.


                                                     Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



                  Corporate Expansion
                                         • Characteristics:
                                            – Expanding revenue
                                            – Lowering costs
                                            – Sourcing raw
                                              materials
                                            – Controlling key
                                              supplies
                                            – Control of
                                              processing
                                            – Global economies
Controlling supplies may be one reason        of scale
for global expansion.
Copyright: rsvstks, stock.xchng



                                                       Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



        Corporate Domination
• Key Issues:
   – Damage to the
     environment?
   – Exploitation of labour?

   – Monopoly power
   – Economic degradation
   – Non-renewable
     resources
   – Damage to cultures        Shell and Nike’s activities have
                               come under severe criticism
                               in some quarters.
                               Copyright: Homsel, stock.xchng




                                                         Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
http://www.bized.co.uk



                               Other Issues:
                                                 • Accountability
                                                   of Global businesses?
                                                 • Increased gap
                                                   between rich and
                                                   poor fuels potential
                                                   terrorist reaction
                                                 • Ethical responsibility
                                                   of business?
There are plenty of people who believe that
globalisation is a negative development,
protests at the G8 summits, pollution, poverty
                                                 • Efforts to remove
and concern over GM crops are just some of
the issues.
                                                   trade barriers
Copyright: stock.xchng




                                                              Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed

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Globalisation

  • 1. http://www.bized.co.uk Globalisation Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 2. http://www.bized.co.uk Globalisation • Definition: – An economic phenomenon? – A social phenomenon? – A cultural phenomenon? • The movement towards the expansion of economic and social ties between countries through the spread of corporate institutions and the capitalist philosophy that leads to the shrinking of the world in economic terms. Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 3. http://www.bized.co.uk Globalisation Globalisation could involve all these things! Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 4. http://www.bized.co.uk Integration of Economies • The increasing reliance of economies on each other • The opportunities to be able to buy and sell in any country in the world • The opportunities for labour and capital to locate anywhere in the world • The growth of global Stock Markets are now accessible markets in finance from anywhere in the world! Copyright: edrod, stock.xchng Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 5. http://www.bized.co.uk Integration of Economies • Made possible by: – Technology – Communication networks – Internet access – Growth of economic cooperation – trading blocs (EU, NAFTA, etc.) – Collapse of ‘communism’ – Movement to free trade Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 6. http://www.bized.co.uk Trade versus Aid? • Benefits of Trade: – Increased choice – Greater potential for growth – Increase international economies of scale – Greater employment Trade has led to massive increases in wealth opportunities for many countries. Copyright: budgetstock, stock.xchng Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 7. http://www.bized.co.uk Trade versus Aid? • Disadvantages of trade: – Increase in gap between the rich and the poor – Dominance of global trade by the rich, northern hemisphere countries – Lack of opportunities for the poor to be able to have access to How far does trade help children like markets these? – Exploitation of Copyright: clesio, stock.xchng workers and growers Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 8. http://www.bized.co.uk Corporate Expansion • Multi-national or trans-national corporations (MNCs or TNCs) – businesses with a headquarters in one country but with business No matter where you go in the world, certain operations in a businesses will always have a presence. Copyright: mkeky, stock.xchng number of others. Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 9. http://www.bized.co.uk Corporate Expansion • Characteristics: – Expanding revenue – Lowering costs – Sourcing raw materials – Controlling key supplies – Control of processing – Global economies Controlling supplies may be one reason of scale for global expansion. Copyright: rsvstks, stock.xchng Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 10. http://www.bized.co.uk Corporate Domination • Key Issues: – Damage to the environment? – Exploitation of labour? – Monopoly power – Economic degradation – Non-renewable resources – Damage to cultures Shell and Nike’s activities have come under severe criticism in some quarters. Copyright: Homsel, stock.xchng Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
  • 11. http://www.bized.co.uk Other Issues: • Accountability of Global businesses? • Increased gap between rich and poor fuels potential terrorist reaction • Ethical responsibility of business? There are plenty of people who believe that globalisation is a negative development, protests at the G8 summits, pollution, poverty • Efforts to remove and concern over GM crops are just some of the issues. trade barriers Copyright: stock.xchng Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed