3. Definition ..
Emesis gravid arum “ morning sickness”
A Sensation of nausea or vomiting especially in
the morning. It appears at the 6th week &
disappears after the 12th week of pregnancy.
Hyper emesis gravidarum “pernicious
vomiting of vomiting”
A specific condition that occurs in early
pregnancy characterized by :
-Excessive continues vomiting that affect the
general condition
Dehydration and loss of body weight
emesis gravidarum affect 50% to 80% of
pregnant women , hyperemesis gravid arum
4. Etiology..
There is no specificcause of hyperemesisbut thereis sometheory..
i. Allergicmanifestation to HCG which are secreted in increasing
amount in early pregnancy.This most accepted theory. Hyperemesis
are more frequentin cases of vesicularmoleas HCG is secreted in
large amount.
ii. Neurosis probably acts as aggravating factor and may be responsible
that a mild vomiting become hyperemesisgravidarum.
iii. Adrenocortical insufficiencyas this predisposesto allergic
phenomena
5. Risk Factors ..
o Multiple pregnancies.
o Women experiencingtheirfirst pregnancy.
o Underweightandobesity.
o Young woman.
o Psycho-social factors such as unwanted.
o Pregnancy, maritalproblem……etc..
o Having a history of HG.
o Being pregnant withmore than onebaby.
o Being a first-timemother.
6. Morningsickness Hyper emesis
Common
Usuallyconfined to the morning
Dose not affects the general
condition.
Improved about the 12th week of
pregnancy with treatment (e.g.
vitamin B6) or without any
treatment.
Rare
Repeated throughout the day
Affect the general condition
Hasaggressive course and it
fetal unless efficient treatment is
rapidly given.(almost in the
hospital.
Differentiatebetweenmorning sickness & hyperemesis
gravidarum..
7. Signs & symptom..
Symptoms :
• The condition usually starts as emesis then is proceed to
hyperemesis
• Continuous vomiting day & night
• Thirst and constipation
• In severe cases the vomitus is bile or blood stained
Signs :
• Loss of 5% or more of pre-pregnancy body weight (pocket weight)
• Dehydration results in :
Sunken eye and dry tongue
The pulse is weak and rapid
The blood pressure is low
The temperature is slightly raised
Decreased vitamin k causes coagulation disorders
Elevated liver enzyme, jaundice
12. Therapeuticmanagement
• Laboratory studies for HB , HCT, Na , K , Chloride & creatinine.
• vitamins such as pyridoxine(B6) and thiamine (B1)have consistant evidence of benefit
• Antiemetic promethazine (Phenergan) gives shortterm relief.
• treatment of HG may includeantiemetic medication and IV rehydration .If medication and
IV rehydration are insufficient , nutritional support may be required.
• Thestandard of treatment in most of the worled is benedictin (diclectin) , a combination of
doxylamine succinte(sedating antihistaminic) , and vitamin B6 pyridoxine.
• the drug that act oncentral nervous system ondansetron (Zofran) or metoclopramide
(raglan) may be used.
• management of HG can be complicated because not all women respond to treatment
13. Nursing management..
Assessment
1) Assess for signs of dehydration
2) Assess intake & output.
3) Assess the psychological status of the mother
4) Assess past & current weight .
5)Assess liver enzymes , CBC, HCT , BUN ,……
6)Assess vital signs
7) Assess the presence of ketones in the urine
14. Nursingintervention
Nursingintervention
• provide mouth and skin care.
• Keep clean and quiet environment
• Eat small amount of meals every 2-3hrs
• Low fats and easily digested carbohydrate
• Sleep in a well ventilated room
• provide psychological support.
• Give parenteral fluids: electrolytes, glucose and vitamins according to program
• Provide nutrition in small but frequent portions
• Monitor the provision of fluids and food in 24 hours as well as expenditures and recorded
fluid intake.
• Review of edema in the legs or elsewhere.
• Do collaborations with other teams for the administration of antiemetic drugs.
15. Nursinginterventioncont.
• Give the fooda light, when it is allowedin smallportions
and frequent (liquidand solid)
• Increase feeding of this, if the clientisable to accept
(tolerance).
• Monitor FHR and fetalactivity.
• Monitorsymptoms of morning sickness..
• Examinethe skin: the texture andturgor.
• Encourage clientsto multiplythe rest.
• Create a comfortableenvironment.