it shows how genetics made our life easy and deases free

1. Application of genetic
mapping
Banker smit
Government science college

2. Gene mapping
 As a name suggests that it’s a map of our genome present
on chromosome .
 Describes the order of genes or other markers and the
spacing between them on each chromosome.
 Scientists isolate DNA and examine it for any disease and
traits then they determine where the gene responsible for
that trait is located using DNA markers .

3. Types of gene mapping
Genetic linkage maps
Physical maps

4. Genetic linkage maps
 Shows the relative locations of specific DNA
markers along the chromosome

5. Physical maps
Unlike linkage maps this type of maps are able to tell us the exact position of
gene present on chromosome.
Different techniques
1 Somatic cell hybridization
2 Radiation hybridization
3 Fish ( Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization)

6. Uses of Gene Mapping
 Identify genes responsible for diseases.
 Heritable diseases
 Cancer
 Identify genes responsible for traits.
 Plants or Animals
 Disease resistance
 Meat or Milk Production

7. Forensics

8. Forensics
 Identify potential suspects through DNA evidence
 Exonerate those wrongly convicted by providing DNA evidence
 Settle questions of paternity and other family relationships
 Identify endangered and protected species
 Match organ donors with recipients
 Authenticate consumables, like caviar and wine

9.  You are already familiar with the use of genetic mapping in crime
investigations, paternity tests, and identification. The technique can also be
used in organ transplants to achieve better matches between recipients and
donors, thus minimizing the risks of complications and maximizing the use of
donated healthy organs, a scarce resource. For more delectable applications,
genetic mapping can authenticate the origins of consumer goods like caviar,
fruits, and wine or the pedigree of livestock and animal breeds.

10.  In May 2010, James Bain, who was wrongly
accused of the rape of a 9-year old boy in 1974,
was released after 35 years in prison. The
Innocence project helped to exonerate him,
using DNA evidence.

11. Molecular Medicine

12. Molecular medicines
 Improve upon gene therapy (insertion or alteration of genes to treat
disease)
 Develop methods of earlier detection of genetic mutation and
susceptibility to diseases
 Design drugs to act as activators or inhibitors of functions of
different proteins to prevent diseases (rational drug design)
 Improve diagnosis of different diseases, like diabetes, heart disease,
schizophrenia, and cancer
 Reduce and treat genetic diseases, like hemochromatosis,
phenlyketonuria, and hypercholesterolemia

13. Phenylketonuria is an inherited metabolic disease in which amino acid
phenylalanine accumulates in bloodstream, resulting in brain damage. PKU is a
single gene and autosomal recessive disorder. Early diagnosis is key in treating
PKU, and doctors are now resorting to genotype determination and mutation
analysis to better customize treatment. Before, doctors would take a blood
sample from the heel of a newborn 24 hours after birth.

15. Scientists have become more proficient in genetic
sequencing - the detailed genetic maps that help locate
the risk genes for a host of genetic diseases. The ability
to investigate the root cause of diseases may one day
allow medical researchers to develop strategies to avoid
the environmental conditions that serve as triggers to
disease, formulate customized drugs, and techniques for
gene therapy.

16. Risk Assessment

17. Risk Assessment
• Assess health risks caused by exposure to radiation
• Mitigate probability of heritable mutations
• Evaluate health risks caused by subjection to
carcinogenic poisons and toxins and mutagenic
chemicals
• Determine genetic differences which vary
individuals’ ability to resist external agents
• Discern external factors which may result in cancer

18. Below is a victim of the Chernobyl disaster, which occurred on April 26, 1986, in
which an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine
emitted radioactive contamination over USSR and Europe. The death toll varies
from 4,000 to 1 million people – depending on the source.

19. Agriculture application
 Knowledge of the genetic maps of plants and animals leads to the
development of agricultural crops and animal breeds that are more nutritious,
productive and can better resist diseases, insects and drought. Researchers
can breed special plants that help clean up wastes that are difficult to break
down.

20. Energy and environment
 Genetic maps of microbes enable researchers to harness the power of
bacteria for producing energy from bio-fuels, reducing toxic waste, and
developing environment-friendly products and industrial processes.

21. Other uses

22. Other Outcomes
• Study evolution through germline mutations
• Study migration of specific groups based on female genetic
inheritance
• Study Y chromosome and mutations

25. reference
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730548/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007257.htm
http://www.nlada.org/forensics/for_lib/Documents/1124746108.4/fo
rensics.shtml
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/forensic/
http://www.businessinsider.in/This-Innocent-Man-Spent-35-Years-In-
Prison-Before-DNA-Evidence-Proved-He-Didnt-Rape-A-9-Year-Old-
Boy/articleshow/24345670.cms