Aids To Navigation

NS100 Fundamentals of Naval Science Visual Navigation Aids

Types of Aids to Navigation Buoys - Floating aids to navigation. Lights - Fixed aids to navigation with distinctive light characteristics that make them identifiable at night.

Major Lights

On the Range Range Lights

To the right of the range. Visual Range On the Range The location of the rear range relative to the front range will indicate your relationship to the range line.

Beacons
Fixed aids to navigation used in U.S. waters
Each has daymark ( or ) to denote right or left-side channel boundary
Beacons may be unlighted (daybeacons) or lighted

Types of Aids to Navigation Radio Beacon - used with a direction finding receiver, will yield an LOP.

RACON Buoys
to identify aids to navigation, both seaborne (e.g. buoys) and land-based (e.g. lighthouses)
to identify landfall or positions on inconspicuous coastlines
to indicate navigable spans under bridges
to identify offshore oil platforms and similar structures

General Buoyage Classification Lateral - Used to indicate on which side the buoy should be passed and are used to mark channels.

Cardinal System of Buoyage

Buoy Description and Purpose Can Buoy 13

Buoy Description and Purpose Nun Buoy 12

Sound Buoys
Bell
Gong
Whistle
Horn

Lighted Buoys

Combination Buoys
Any buoy in which a light and a sound signal are combined
Examples include:
Lighted bell
Lighted gong
Lighted whistle
Lighted horn

Buoy Description and Purpose Buoys are painted different colors according to their purpose. Lateral Aids - Either red or green or the combination of the two. Cardinal Aids - Painted black and yellow.

Lateral Buoys either red or green, or a combination of the two. Numbered from seaward, meaning the numbers increase as you approach land.

Buoy Description and Purpose Safe Water Marks - presence of a channel. Fitted with a red ball topmark or a white light flashing MORSE ALPHA . Special Marks - Painted yellow. Isolated Danger Marks - Painted black and red.

Special Buoys
Used to mark:
Prohibited areas
Limits of fish traps
Cable crossings
Anchorages
NOAA weather buoys
Color is yellow
Usually unlighted
NOAA weather buoys are lighted and typically use a flashing 4 or 6 second yellow light
13

Buoyage Systems There are two buoyage systems in the world today: IALA “A” and IALA “B”. International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)

Buoyage Systems IALA “B” memory aids: Red Right Returning Even Red Nuns have Odd Green Cans

Light Attributes
Color
Phase Characteristics
Period

Color
Common colors:
White Red Green

Illustration Symbol and meaning F. = Fixed F.Fl. = Fixed and flashing F.Gp.Fl. = Fixed and group flashing Fl. = Flashing Gp. Fl. = Group flashing Gp. Fl. (1+2) = Composite group flashing Mo. (A) = Morse code Qk. Fl. = Quick flashing I.Qk.Fl. = Interrupted quick flashing E.Int. = Equal Interval (Isophase) Occ. =Occulting Gp.Occ. = Group occulting Gp.Occ. (2+3) = Composite group occulting

Lights and Lighted Buoys Lateral and Channel Buoys - red or green with flashing phase characteristics. U.S. Safe Water Marks - Show a white light with Morse “Alpha” ( ) with a period of about eight seconds. Fixed Lights and Lighthouses - variety of phase characteristics, lights, and colored sectors to distinguish from the background lights of the shore.

Channel Buoys

Safe Water Buoys

Preferred Channel Buoys

16 14 12 10 Mast Aids To Navigation

Using Buoys and Lights in Piloting Buoys should never be used to fix your position! Lights and Lighthouses - fixed and provide for good visual fixing both during the day and at night.

Aids to navigation

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Aids To Navigation

by Guilherme Azevedo

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