Making Web Annotations Persistent over Time

Robert Sanderson  Herbert Van de Sompel      rsanderson@lanl.gov      herbertv@lanl.gov      azaroth42@gmail.com      hvdsomp@gmail.com  Digital Library Research   and Prototyping Team  Los Alamos Na@onal Laboratory,   USA  Persistent Web Annotations Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Overview  •   Background and Research Ques@on  •   Open Annota@on Collabora@on  •   Memento  •   Experiments  •   Conclusions  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 2  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

10+ Years of Annota@on Research  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 3  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Our 2020 Vision  web Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 4  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Scholarship is Moving to the Web  •  From silos of highly curated content to open world models  •  Publishing of scholarly communica@on online:  •  First Journals (DLib, PLoS, …)  •  Then Users (Vivo, ORCID, …)  •  Now Data (NVO, OREChem, …)  •  Next the Scien@ﬁc Process? (MyExperiment, Annota@on,…)  •  With the web comes new challenges…  •  Persistence  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 5  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Web Resources Change …  Google Sidewiki Annotation on http://news.bbc.co.uk/ as of 2010-06-14 Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 6  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Archived Copy, But No Annota@ons   Archived page from: http://www.dracos.co.uk/work/bbc-news-archive/2010/03/08/07.05.html Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 7  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Can We Fix This? Automa@cally?  The desired outcome: Display the correct representation of the Web Resource with the Annotation. Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 8  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Previous Annota@on Persistence Methods   •  Migrate annota@ons from one version to the next:  •  Seek to discover new loca@on of old target segment  •  Otherwise discard the annota@on as no longer relevant  •  Treats the Annota@on as of secondary importance  •  Focused on heuris@cs:  •  Cross format, cross loca@on  •  Edited text in same document  •  Dynamically scaling target areas, marks of annota@on  •   …  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 9  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Persistent and Web‐Centric?  •  OAC:   Describe Annota@ons in a Web‐centric Model                 +  •  Memento:   Make Naviga@ng the Past Web Easy                 =  •  Given an Annota@on, display appropriate archived Web Resource?  •  Given an archived Web Resource, display appropriate Annota@ons?  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 10  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Open Annota@on Collabora@on  •  Focus:        Interoperability between systems to enable sharing  •  Founda@on:    Architecture of the World Wide Web  •  Framework:    Linked Data Guidelines  •  Funding:      Mellon Founda@on for 18 months  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 11  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

OAC Data Model: Basics   •  An oac:Annota@on is an ore:Aggrega@on of two or more resources,  such that one (oac:Body) annotates at least one other (oac:Target)  •  We get OAI‐ORE en@@es for free (ore:ResourceMap, ore:Proxy)  •  All resources are regular web resources  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 12  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

OAC Data Model: Basics   Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 13  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

OAC Data Model: Segments   •  Most Annota@ons are about part of  a resource  •  Resources are atomic, in terms of  iden@ﬁca@on (by a URI)  •  Segments of the resource apply in  the context of the Annota@on  •  Solu@on: aaach a Descrip@on of the  Segment of interest to an ORE  Proxy for the resource  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 14  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

OAC Data Model: Segments   Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 15  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

OAC Data Model: Time  •  As regular web resources, Resource Map, Body and Target have  representa@ons that can change over @me  •  The Resource Map, Body and Target can change independently of  each other  •  If an Annota@on involves resources as they existed at a par@cular  point in @me, this needs to be recorded  •  Three diﬀerent Time models are possible…  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 16  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Timeless Annota@ons   •  The Annota@on is always applicable, regardless of the  representa@on served from the URIs of the Body and Targets.  •  Example:  "This is the home page of CNN"  •  Timeless Annota@ons do not need a special @mestamp.  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 17  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Uniform Time Annota@ons   •  The Annota@on is not always applicable, but pertains to the state  of the Body and Target at a single moment in @me.  •  Example: Tweet is about contemporary state of a web page.  •  Add mem:when property to Annota@on  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 18  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Varied Time Annota@ons   •  The Annota@on is not always applicable, but pertains to the state  of the Body and Target at diﬀerent moments in @me.  •  Example: Blog post is about previous day's state of a web page  •  Add mem:when property to Proxies for resources  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 19  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Memento  •  We know: the URI of the Target and the @me it was annotated  •  We don't know:  the URI where it is archived  •  We need:  Memento  •  Memento wants to make it Easy to Navigate the Web’s Past   •  Basic idea:  Use HTTP to get from the current resource to the  archived copy of that resource at a given @me, rather than  searching  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 20  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Issues with the Past Web  •  New names for archived resources  •  What was cnn.com, becomes archive.org/web/20010120…  •  … And lots of other names  •  With no way to discover them without searching by hand  •  People do not like to search  •  Especially when a computer could do it.  •  Naviga@on is inconsistent  •  Stuck in web archive content silo (URIs rewriaen)  •  Or end up back in present (URIs not rewriaen)  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 21  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

The Web without Time Dimension  eg: http://www.cnn.com/ eg: http://web.archive.org/web/ 20020209001709rn_1/www.cnn.com/? Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 22  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

The Web with Time Dimension from Memento  eg: http://www.cnn.com/ eg: http://web.archive.org/web/ 20020209001709rn_1/www.cnn.com/? Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 23  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC current Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC www.cnn.com web.archive.org Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 24  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Original Resource ? Mementos Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC current Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC www.cnn.com web.archive.org Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 25  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Original Resource ? TimeGate Mementos Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC current Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC www.cnn.com web.archive.org Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 26  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Original Resource Link Headers ? TimeGate Conneg with TimeGate to Mementos Mementos Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC current Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC www.cnn.com web.archive.org Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 27  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiments   1.  Given an annota@on, find the appropriate representa@ons  •  Create annota@on on resource known to change  •  Can we use the informa@on from the annota@on to faithfully  recreate the environment through Memento?  2.  Given an archived resource, find the appropriate annota@ons  •  Create annota@ons at different @mes on resource known to  be archived  •  Can we use the informa@on from Memento to find the  appropriate annota@ons?  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 28  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 1  Retrieve Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 29  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 1  Reconstruct Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 30  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 1: Create Annota@on  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 31  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 1: Test without Memento  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 32  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 1: Test with Memento  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 33  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 2  •  Need to find Original URI, start, end time of representation •  Need searchable collection of annotations Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 34  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 2: Create Annota@ons   Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 35  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 2: Test without Memento  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 38  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Experiment 2: Test with Memento  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 39  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Conclusions   •  Annota@on, as a core scholarly prac@ce, is increasingly web‐based  •  We propose using OAC and Memento to provide a solu@on for  persistence of annota@ons, by displaying annota@ons in their  original context and displaying relevant annota@ons for archived  resources  •  Archiving of annotated and annota@ng resources important  •  Interes@ng research ques@on of whether annota@on spans  mul@ple archived resources  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 40  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Thank You    •  Authors:  •  azaroth42@gmail.com /   rsanderson@lanl.gov  •  hvdsomp@gmail.com   /   herbertv@lanl.gov  •  OAC:    •  hap://www.openannota@on.org/  •  hap://groups.google.com/group/oac‐discuss  •  Memento:   •  hap://www.mementoweb.org/  •  hap://groups.google.com/group/memento‐dev  •  Thanks To:  •  Scoa Ainsworth, Luda Balakireva, Tim Cole, Anna Gerber, Bernhard  Haslhofer, Eric Hetzner, Jane Hunter, Cliﬀ Lynch, Michael Nelson, Doug  Reside, Harihar Shankar  Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 41  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

Memento HTTP Flow  HEAD R, (Accept-Datetime) LinkG GET G, Accept-Datetime 302M, Vary, TCN, LinkR,B,M GET M, (Accept-Datetime) 200, Content-Datetime, LinkR,B,M Persistent Web Annotations   Slide: 42  Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

http://www.openannotation.org	90
http://openannotation.org	3
file://	2
http://train4cirss.lis.illinois.edu	1
http://groups.lis.illinois.edu	1
http://lakshmi.grainger.illinois.edu	1

Making Web Annotations Persistent over Time

by Robert Sanderson

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Making Web Annotations Persistent over Time Presentation Transcript