Future Trends in IT Storage

Future Trends in Storage Tony Pearson IBM Senior Managing Consultant [email_address]

Agenda Cloud computing is driving standardization, automation and management that also impact internal IT departments Improvements in bandwidth is driving a convergence of networks Energy costs, economics and performance are driving a shift in the roles of each storage type

Typical Data centers have 2.5 Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) rating How energy is typically used in the data center 63% 37% Storage Servers, Networking . . . With adoption of server virtualization, storage is taking over as fastest growing part of Information Infrastructure Source: Dell, IDC, UC Berkeley, Green Data Project Preview: http://www.drunkendata.com/?p=1233 IT Load 60% 40% Power and Cooling

Storage Hierarchy DRAM Cache Solid-State Drives (SSD) Phase Change Memory FC and SAS disks SAN Tape SATA disks Virtual Tape NAS/iSCSI FC or SAS drives (15K RPM) ~ up to 435 W/TB Solid-State Drives ~120 W/TB SATA drives (7200 RPM) ~ 40 to 115 W/TB Tape ~ 2 W/TB

Solid-State Drives will be the only storage you need Are you sure about that ?

IOPS per Watt – A new Metric for SSD
Solid-State Drives (SSD) are most appealing for random read-intensive I/O workloads
Previous attempts to increase IOPS:
Heavily use DRAM cache
Short-stroke the spinning disk
Stripe data across many spindles
20,000 70

Solid State Drives (SSD) Watts / Drive Watts / TB Drive Power Use Source: IBM, STEC
Solid State Drives (SSD) offer some interesting characteristics:
More Reliable: 1% AFR vs. 3-8% for HDD
Lower energy consumption (Watts / Drive)
Faster read (millisecond response time)
Slower write destage
Best place to initially put this technology: drive-for-drive replacement inside servers
Reduce outages, Improve Resiliency
Save 1500 Watts per server rack
Fast operating system reboot

Hard Disk Drives and NAND Flash Storage Comparison Source: IBM Almaden Research, Steven R. Hetzler, Sep 2009

HDD and SDD Production Lines One wafer = 30,000 GMR heads One wafer = 425 dies Daily Output: 1,250 wafers Result: 14,000 PB/line/year @375 GB per HDD Daily Output: 100,000 disks Result: 390 PB/line/year @2 GB per die $11 to $17B USD investment required for SSD to capture 1% of HDD market Wafer Source: IBM Almaden Research, Steven R. Hetzler, Sep 2009

IBM System Storage Easy Tier saves energy 9.5 kW 5.7 kW Easy Tier achieved better performance in 50 percent less floor space and 40 percent less energy. Save up to $100,000 in power and cooling for roughly 75 TB of usable data over three years.

Introduction to Data Deduplication
Data deduplication is a method of reducing storage needs by eliminating redundant copies of data.
Store only one unique instance of the data
Redundant data replaced with pointer to the unique instance
C A B C A A B B A C A B C A A B B A C A B C A B B A A

IBM Data Deduplication Solutions Backup Server Traditional Tape Library Traditional Disk System ProtecTIER Virtual Tape Library Gateway attaches to external disk Appliance includes its own internal disk
IBM ProtecTIER emulates multiple tape libraries with LTO drives
In-line Deduplication can achieve up to 25x capacity optimisation
Gateway models can manage 1PB of disk (up to 25PB of backup data)
Laptops Servers

Tape is the Lowest TCO Storage Choice
Cost Ratio to store long-term data on SATA Disk versus Tape is 23:1*
5 year TCO to store 2.4 PB of archive data
Including hardware, energy, and space costs
SATA disk system versus LTO-4 tape library
Energy costs of disk system was 290 times more than tape
A VTL with 20X data deduplication is still about 5X more costly than tape
23X 5X “ Tape continues to provide the fiscal responsibility and functional value that enterprises require in the twenty-first century.” The Clipper Group The Cost Ratio for a Terabyte Stored Long-Term on SATA Disk versus LTO-4 Tape is about 23:1 For energy cost, it is about 290:1 *Source: The Clipper Group, “Disk and Tape Square Off Again” Report #TCG2008009LL, Feb 2008 290X

The Shifting Roles of Storage Solid-State Drives Combined with slower SATA disk to reduce energy costs over 15K RPM drives “ Flash & Stash” Physical tape, combined with automation Long-Term File System (LTFS) Work-Task Project Folder Long-term Space Management and Data Retention Backup Data Primary Data Disk replication, Snapshots and Virtual Tape Libraries Improved by compression, deduplication

Agenda Cloud computing is driving standardization, automation and management that benefit internal IT departments Improvements in bandwidth is driving a convergence of networks Energy, economics and performance are driving a shift in the roles of each storage type

In the past, different system platforms were largely unconnected from each other Small Systems Large Systems SCSI ESCON SNA TCP/IP NFS CIFS

A convergence of technologies has brought these systems platforms closer together Small Systems Large Systems SCSI SAS ESCON TCP/IP NFS CIFS NFS HTTP FTP FICON FCP Fibre Channel Protocol iSCSI FCoE FCP FCoE HTTP FTP

Data Center Fabric Convergence – “One Wire” Fabric Convergence Servers Multiple Fabrics Converged Fabric

Separate LAN and SAN networks Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Network Interface Card (NIC) Local Area Network (LAN) Storage Area Network (SAN) NAS iSCSI FCP

Top-of-Rack (TOR) Converged Switches Local Area Network (LAN) NAS iSCSI FCP TOR switch
Converged Network Adapter (CNA)
10GbE for NAS and iSCSI
8Gb FC over Ethernet (FCoE)
Storage Area Network (SAN)

End-Of-Row Converged Directors NAS iSCSI FCP TOR switch EOR director Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Unified Storage
Converged Network Adapter (CNA)
10GbE for NAS and iSCSI
8GB FC over Ethernet (FCoE)

Networks Under Transition 1Gb 1,2,4 Gb Convergence opportunity 10Gb CEE Converged Top-of-Rack 8Gb Infrastructure transitions NAS, iSCSI FCoE IBM offers choice to clients upgrading or adding DCN infrastructure with Converged Enhanced Ethernet (CEE) 40Gb CEE 8-10 Gbps Gen. Existing Fibre Channel Ethernet

Agenda Cloud computing is driving standardization, automation and management that benefit internal IT departments Improvements in bandwidth is driving a convergence of networks Economics and performance are driving a shift in the roles of each storage type

“ People do not want quarter-inch drills. They want quarter-inch holes.” Professor Emeritus Theodore Levitt, Harvard Business School

Origins of Cloud Computing Application Service Provider Time-Sharing Grid Computing Cloud Computing If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry. “ — John McCarthy , MIT Centennial in 1961 „ In the 1960s and 70s, several companies provided time-sharing services as service bureaus

Cloud – A Disruptive New Paradigm? 2010 Application Service Provider Cloud Computing “ Clouds will transform the information technology (IT) industry… profoundly change the way people work and companies operate.” Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling network access to a pool of computing resources that can be provisioned and released rapidly with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Network access
Rapid Elasticity
Pay-per-use
Self-service
Pool of Resources
Grid Computing Time-Sharing Source: US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Preliminary TCO Analysis
Compares traditional model vs. Cloud Computing service
Includes acquisition, management, power/cooling, floor space
Also includes network circuit cost, with full redundancy
Circuit costs are offset by economies of scale, reduced operational costs
Initial modeling shows 43% savings over 4 years, and 73% in year 1
Traditional Data Center Cloud Computing Services Source: IBM

An Analogy – Transportation Alternatives Traditional Approach: Buy a car, drive it yourself, have a place to park it, take care of maintenance and insurance. Rental with or without Chauffer: Rent a car by the day or week. Drive it yourself, or hire a chauffer to drive the car for you. Transportation as a Service: Hop in the back seat of a taxi and tell driver where you would like to go. Pay by the kilometer.

An Analogy – Transportation as Someone Else’s Problem You Decide where to go You Decide where to go You Drive Parking / Storage Someone else Drives Parking / Storage You Purchase Vehicle Ongoing Maintenance Someone else purchases Vehicle Ongoing Maintenance Purchases Vehicle, Ongoing Maintenance You Decide where to go You Drive (or hire someone) Weekly Parking Traditional Weekly Rental Taxi

The Many Shades of Cloud Computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Traditional IT Datacenters Traditional Outsourcing Facilities Hardware Platform Build App Use Application Facilities Hardware Platform Build or Buy App Use Application Facilities Hardware Platform Build or Buy App Use Application

Cloud Prediction from Sun CTO Greg Papadopoulos
A "neutron star collapse of data centers"
It won't make sense for businesses to build their own data centers.
Hosting providers will bring "brutal efficiency" for utilization, power, security, service levels, and idea-to-deploy time.
A half dozen very large cloud infrastructure providers and a hundred or so regional providers
Look more like the banking world
Customers will trust service providers with their private data as they do banks with their money.

IBM’s Five Co-existing Cloud Delivery Models Enterprise Enterprise Data Center Private Cloud Enterprise Data Center IBM Operated Managed Private Cloud Hosting Center Hosted Private Cloud Enterprise A Shared Private Cloud Cloud Enterprise owned and operated Enterprise owned; IBM operated Customer/IBM owned and IBM operated (single tenant) IBM owned and operated (multi-tenant) Enterprise B Enterprise C 1 2 3 4 Public Cloud Cloud IBM owned and operated (multi-tenant) 5 User A User B User C User D User … Private Cloud Shared Private Cloud Public Cloud Cloud Services delivered publicly to end users / secure, enterprise-class Cloud Services delivered privately to Enterprises / virtual separation of tenants Customer owns and pays for infrastructure and has unlimited exclusive access IBM owns infrastructure and customer has shared access and pays by usage

Summary Cloud computing is driving standardization, automation and management that benefit internal IT departments Improvements in bandwidth is driving a convergence of networks Energy, economics and performance are driving a shift in the roles of each storage type

IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center Contact Us For more information, visit: http://ibm-vbc.centers.ihost.com/briefingcenter/tucson To book a briefing, please contact your IBM Representative, IBM Business Partner, or Briefing Center Coordinator, Lee Olguin at +1 (520) 799-5460.

About the Speaker Mr. Tony Pearson Senior IT Storage Consultant IBM System Storage Tony Pearson is a Senior Managing consultant for the IBM System Storage™ product line. Tony Pearson joined IBM Corporation in 1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and customer care positions for various storage hardware and software products. In his current role, Tony presents briefings on storage topics covering the entire System Storage product line, as well as various Tivoli storage software products. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads workshops to help clients with strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization products. Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by hundreds of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs of 2006 for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine. The blog was published in book form as “Inside System Storage: Volume I” available from Lulu publishing. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. Tony is an IBM Master Inventor and holds 19 IBM patents for inventions on storage hardware and software products. 9000 S. Rita Road Bldg 9070 Mail 9070 Tucson, AZ 85744 Tony Pearson Senior IT Storage Consultant IBM System Storage™

Storage Resources Available
Tony’s blog “Inside System Storage”:
www.tinyurl.com/az990tony
Tony’s book series “Inside System Storage” Volume I and Volume II are available in paperback, hardcover and eBook formats:
www.lulu.com

Trademarks The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies. * All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Notes : Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions. This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area. All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography. Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Office of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency, which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce. For a complete list of IBM Trademarks, see www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml: IBM Systems, IBM System z9®, IBM System z10™, IBM System Storage® , IBM System Storage DS®, IBM BladeCenter®, IBM TotalStorage®, IBM System z®, IBM System z10®, IBM System p®, IBM System i®, IBM System x®, IBM IntelliStation®, IBM Power Architecture®, IBM SureONE®, IBM Power Systems™, POWER®, POWER6®, POWER7®, Power ®, IBM z/OS®, IBM z/OS.e, IBM AIX®, IBM i, IBM z/VSE™, IBM z/TPF, IBM z/VM ®, IBM i5/OS®, IBM AIX 5L™, IBM 4690 Operating System, IBM zEnterprise™ Not all common law marks used by IBM are listed on this page. Failure of a mark to appear does not mean that IBM does not use the mark nor does it mean that the product is not actively marketed or is not significant within its relevant market. Those trademarks followed by ® are registered trademarks of IBM in the United States; all others are trademarks or common law marks of IBM in the United States.

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Future Trends in IT Storage

by Tony Pearson on Nov 16, 2010

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