Needs assessment approaches

NEEDS ASSESSMENTAPPROACHES Strategic Needs Assessment Competency Based Assessment Job and Task Analysis TNA

Strategic Needs AssessmentPurpose:  Examine existing performance problems or address new and future performance needs.  Develop long term performance improvement planWhen to Use:  Link performance improvement needs to business strategy  Identify performance improvement opportunities at organizational, process and job level.

Strategic Needs AssessmentAdvantages  Develop long term solutions to existing performance problem  Solve problems that affect core business  Eliminate non-value-added activitiesDisadvantages  Time consuming  Costly

Strategic Needs AssessmentKey Tools:  Interview  Focus group  Survey or questionnaire  Observation  Process mapOutput:  Performance improvement plan

Competency-BasedAssessmentPurpose:  Identify knowledge, skills, and attitudes for superior job performance  Build success profile for job functionWhen to use:  Identify competencies for managerial, supervisory, or professional job  Measure proficiency levels  Develop standardize training  Develop performance management systems

Competency-BasedAssessmentAdvantages:  Determine qualities that distinguish average from superior performance  Provide information about current and future predictors of job performance  Provide accurate and reliable dataDisadvantages:  Time consuming  High involvement  Costly  Requires good project management system

Competency-BasedAssessmentKey tools:  Interview  Focus group  SurveyOutputs  Competency dictionary  Competency model

Job and Task AnalysisPurpose:  Determine responsibilities and tasks necessary to perform a jobWhen to use:  Develop new job descriptions or revise existing position profiles  Identify task listings for new job function (KSA and standard)  Develop consistent training requirements

Job and Task AnalysisAdvantages:  Stimulate interest because people have opportunity to define jobs  Define skill requirements for entry level vs senior position  Identify additional KSA to move across or upward  Provide accurate and reliable dataDisadvantages:  Exclude external factors that may affect performance  Time consuming  Costly

Job and Task AnalysisKey Tools:  Interview  Questionnaire  Focus group  ObservationOutputs:  Position profile  Job training plan

Training Needs AssessmentPurpose:  Identify KSA to perform a jobWhen to use:  Implement new technology  Identify training needs  Develop training planAdvantages:  Training is linked to learner’s needs  Easy to implement

Training Needs AssessmentDisadvantages:  Lack of strategic needs, competency needs, details of job and task analysis.Key tools:  Interview; focus group; survey and observationOutputs:  Needs assessment report  Training plan

ActivityFocus group:Effective communicatorCharacteristics of Excellence StudentImproving the quality of Food and Cafe services at UTMUTM Transpotation ServicesGreen Environment Awareness Among UTM StudentsSocialProblems Among UTM StudentsCampus SafetyWhat you have to do:Choose group facilitator, note taker.Discuss the topic for 30 minutesWrite the summary and conclusion of your discussion.Submit your written report.

Summary Four main approaches for TNA:  Strategic, competency-based, job and task analysis, and TNA Each approach caters different need

FOCUS GROUP Focus group is a type of SME interview that involves a face- to-face meeting with groups of SMEs in which the questions that are asked relate to specific training needs. Focus group consist of 6-12 members that share similar background. Facilitator leads the discussion and one of members take the minutes. An effective focus group could run for 2 hours.

Focus Group Teknik kumpulan dinamik pula boleh digunakan untuk meransang perbincangan mengenai sesuatu tajuk yang ditetapkan. Fasilitator harus memastikan perbincangan terkawal dan tidak terkeluar daripada tajuk asal. Tajuk perbincangan boleh meliputi masalah prestasi, keperluan latihan, sistem kerja dsb-nya. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi maklumat dan penggunaan komputer, internet, intranet dsb-nya, perbincangan kumpulan focus boleh dijalankan menggunakan bantuan teknolgi ini. Jika dipimpin dengan baik, teknik ini berkesan untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang mendalam mengenai topik yang dibincangkan. Masa perbincangan boleh dikawal supaya tidak terlalu lama. Penglibatan ahli kumpulan boleh meningkatkan sokongan terhadap cadangan, langkah pembaikan dan latihan yang akan diperkenalkan.

Needs assessment approaches

by Eo MinDef on May 22, 2012

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