Collaboratism
People, Processes and Profitability
in the Semiconductor Assembly and Test Business
André van de Geijn

collaborate
is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations
work together on common goals.
-ism
denotes a distinctive system of beliefs, myth, doctrine or theory that
guides a social movement, institution, class or group.

Are you an enterpreneurial spirit?
yes________no_______

Are you an enterpreneurial spirit?
yes________no_______
Are you constantly thinking about how to create value
and build new businesses, or how to improve or
transform your organization?
yes________no_______

Are you an enterpreneurial spirit?
yes________no_______
Are you constantly thinking about how to create value
and build new businesses, or how to improve or
transform your organization?
yes________no_______
Are you trying to find innovative ways of doing
business to replace old, outdated ones?
yes________no_______

If you’ve answered
‘yes’ to any of those
questions, welcome
to the group!

If you’ve answered
‘yes’ to any of those
questions, welcome
to the group!
And this book presentation!

Business Model
Create a profitable
business,
by optimal use of:
people supported by
processes,
generating services or
products,
which differentiate
from the competition.

Money
Sales
Profit
Loss Time
Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
Profitability
Investment followed by a profit.
Where profit is bigger than investment.

Process ≠ Paperstack !
But individual steps,
supporting the creation of a product.

Products = Semiconductors
Which end up in:
Memory, Bankcards, CPU, Car-ABS etc.

Key Differentiators
1. Functionality
2. Cost
3. Quality
4. Time-to-Market

Key Differentiators Example
ABS Module priority:
1. Quality
2. Functionality
3. Time-to-market
4. Cost

Money
B Sales
C
Profit
A Time
Loss
The story of being too late:
Cost impact with a delay in time-to-market:
Bigger loss, followed by less ‘sales and profit’

Package differentiators
Number of connectors, package size, package
technology, end-product functionality.

Package
differentiator
Same function, but:
Different package
Means:
Different process
Different workflows
Different application

Processes,
Workflows and
Applications, are
not only different,
but they also
interact with each
other!

Processes,
Workflows and
Applications, are
not only different,
but they also
interact with each
other!

...and with the other aspects

Processes Workflows Applications

Processes
Individual steps,
supporting the creation of an end-product.

Some Process Examples

Processes
Building a skyscraper
Design by architect
Bill of materials
Assemble the building

Building: key differentiators
Take care of the cost,
functionality, quality and
time-to-market.
Is it a nomad shelter,
your villa, or an office
building to host 1000
employees?
Influences the processes

Building: key differentiators
Take care of the cost,
functionality, quality and
time-to-market.
Is it a nomad shelter,
your villa, or an office
building to host 1000
employees?
Influences the processes

Processes
Baking a pizza
Select the pizza you
want: menu or
cooking book
Collect the ingredients
Assemble the pizza
and bake it!

Pizza: key differentiators

Pizza: key differentiators
Take care of the cost,
functionality, quality and
time to market.
Is it going to be a
‘freezer’, take-away, or
top of the shelf
Roman restaurant
pizza?

Pizza: key differentiators
Take care of the cost,
functionality, quality and
time to market.
Is it going to be a
‘freezer’, take-away, or
top of the shelf
Roman restaurant
pizza?
Or to improve your
kid’s eating habits!

Processes Vdd
A B
Z
A
B
Vss
Produce a semiconductor
end-product
Design the product

Processes
Produce a semiconductor
end-product
Design the product
Diffuse the circuit

Processes
Produce a semiconductor
end-product
Design the product
Diffuse the circuit
Assemble and test the
end-product

Key Differentiators Example
ABS Module priority:
1. Quality
2. Functionality
3. Time-to-market
4. Cost

Commonality:
Buildings & Semiconductors
Efficiency: it is NOT
likely that a single person
or company can fulfill all
needed process steps by
itself!
It is all based on core
competences.

Collaborate
A person working on a
single process, needs to
know
the outputs of the
previous process
the inputs of the next
process
This will improve your
core competence

Processes Workflows Applications

Workflows
Connect the individual process steps.

Design Di usion Assembly/Test
Semiconductor Workflow
Connects the top-level processes.

Design Di usion Assembly/Test
Focus on Test
Test devices, and remove fail devices.

Test Quality
Inking
Standard Test Workflow
Build up by three processes.
Different workflows possible.

Design Di usion Assembly/Test
Edge Die
Ugly Die
PCM Die
Extended Workflow
Different processes influence each other.

Test Analysis
Quality Merge
Extended Test Workflow
Build up by four processes, merge results of
diffusion with assembly/test processes.

Design Di usion Assembly/Test
Focus on Test
Test time reduction, by parallel testing.

Test time reduction
Test several products at once
Reduces costly test time
For small products
For products with long test
time
Think of up to 87% cost
reduction with 8 products
parallel testing!

Test time
reduction
This needs special hardware,
to expand tester capacity.
And special software for
optimized path finding.
Remember the costs Key
Differentiator!
Invest to create a ‘bigger’
profit.

Application influence
One application for test
One application for merge
One application for test
time reduction
Why not one application
to support all !

Standard assembly flow
Grinding Dicing
In place for many years, used
for standard packages with Wire bond Die attach
pins.
Encapsulation Marking
Trim - Form
Final Test
and Singluation
Tape and Reel Packaging

Small package assembly flow
Grinding Dicing
In place for few years, used Wire bond Die attach
for packages with terminals.
Encapsulation of an Array
Instrip Test
of Dies
Quality Automatic Inspection
Marking Singulation
Marking Tape and Reel

Small package
Different packages
Basic package with pins
Followed by package
with terminals

Small package assembly flow
Grinding Dicing
In place for few years, used Wire bond Die attach
for packages with terminals.
Encapsulation of an Array
Instrip Test
of Dies
Quality Automatic Inspection
Marking Singulation
Marking Tape and Reel

Workflow Option Workflow Option Workflow Option
Mark the devices in the substrate. Add an identifier to the substrate. Add an identifier to the substrate.
Put the substrate on an FFC. Test the devices on the substrate. Test the devices on the substrate.
And create an electronic substrate And create an electronic substrate
map with the substrate identifier. map with the substrate identifier.
Test the devices in the substrate Selective marking of pass dies on Selective marking of pass dies on
on the FFC. the substrate, using the substrate the substrate, using the substrate
map. map.
Separate the devices on the FFC. Load the substrate on an FFC. Load the substrate on an FFC.
Pick and place the FFC devices in Separate the devices on the FFC. Separate the devices on the FFC.
a tape.
Pick and place the FFC devices in Peel the devices from the FFC,
a tape. and load the bulk in a sorter,
which will only pick the correct
marked devices, and put them in
a tape.
Different workflows, one result
Workflows for small packages depend on the
available equipment: cost and time-to-market

Island automation
One application for each problem !
Means high maintenance, no integration!

Processes Workflows Applications

Applications
Support the workflows:
The lubricant that helps to run the processes smoothly.

Application Development
Workflow
Create User
Groups
A workflow to get the Collect Process
Steps Details
needs on the table, which
support the business.
Collect Business
Details
Group User
Define who does what. Needs
Create Application Land-
Create the roadmaps. scape
Create
Start the implementation.
Roadmap
Create and Roll-out Ap-
plications

New entrant
Industry
competitors
Suppliers and Buyers
extent of
rivalry
Substitutes
Michael Porter
Competitive Advantage

Key Customer
activities relationships
Key
Customer
Resources
Key Channels segments
partners Value
propositions
Revenue
Cost structure streams
AlexOsterwalder.com
The 9 building blocks of a business model

Collect application
requirements
User groups store their
requirements in the
repository.
From the repository the
requirements are grouped.
Create application landscape
and the roadmap.
Build applications.

Holistic Application Landscape
A landscape that looks the same for each production
facility, and can easily be copy-and-paste.

Core business!
Building solutions
supported by the core
business of others.
Reliable software.
Hardware boards for test
reduction.
Collaboration tools.

Money
Basic Intermediate Advanced
Functionality Functionality Functionality
Profit
Loss Time
How to establish applications
Establish applications in phases,
to support the business as soon as possible.

Money
Basic Intermediate Advanced
Functionality Functionality Functionality
Profit
Loss Time
Sustainability
Collaborative activity between user groups,
architects, software engineers: internal & external.

Example
Different packages
Basic package with pins
Followed by package
with terminals

Example
Different packages
Basic package with pins
Followed by package
with terminals

Example
Wafer maps
Basic functionality
Intermediate
functionality
Advanced functionality

Money
Basic Intermediate Advanced
Functionality Functionality Functionality
Profit
Loss Time
It’s all about collaboration
Business model generation in a collaborative way.

Example
Asset light & differentiators:
Easy copy and paste of
applications of subcontractors
to subcontractors.
First product life cycle with
single die testing (time-to-
market!)
Second product life cycle with
acceleration hardware (cost!).

Collaboration is the key !
Design - diffusion -
assembly and test.
Subcontractors: at the
begin, the end, and in
between the value chain.
Define the efficient cores,
and let them collaborate,
towards a profitable
business.

Collaboration is the KEY !
Design - diffusion -
assembly and test.
Subcontractors: at the
begin, the end, and in
between the value chain.
Define the efficient cores,
and let them collaborate,
towards a profitable
business.

Collaboratism

Collaboratism

Collaboratism
Think about the whole value chain,

Collaboratism
Think about the whole value chain,
who should do what, who is good in what!

Collaboratism
Think about the whole value chain,
who should do what, who is good in what!
These all create a profitable business,

Collaboratism
Think about the whole value chain,
who should do what, who is good in what!
These all create a profitable business,
based on efficiency and competitiveness.

Collaboratism
Think about the whole value chain,
who should do what, who is good in what!
These all create a profitable business,
based on efficiency and competitiveness.

The End

Collaboration
=
The Beginning

“Collaboratism shows us the amazingly tight integration and collaboration between
design, test, and assembly engineers and processes in the semiconductor industry.
It’s a deep-dive into a world most of us would never see - making clear just how much
genius went into making the brains of devices we unthinkingly depend upon every day.”
—Brian Behlendorf, founder of the Apache Software Foundation