Perspective on the Future of Exploration Rick Bachtel Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne October 2008

50 Years of PWR Engines 1594 Launches Note: An additional 17 Titan IV launches included Centaur-T upper stages powered by PWR RL10 engines Atlas Saturn Saturn Space Delta Atlas Delta Redstone Navaho Jupiter Thor I/II I/1B V Shuttle I/II/III III/V IV 85 11 46 380 568 19 13 122 323 19 8 Last updated: 14 March 2008 ACTIVE

Global Launch Market DoD 12% NASA 11% Commercial 3% Limited Opportunities For Growth In This Market

The Propulsion Market Today Low Growth Low Margin Low Production Rates Uncertain Funding High Risk

Why we’re enthused … We’re going back ! The Challenge of Doing what’s Hard Knowing we must be perfect The Feeling of Success

The US Launch Industry – A Partnership The US Government must lead to ensure the health of the US Launch Industry But Industry must also do its part: Be More creative Accept more risk Lower the cost

Be More creative

Accept more risk

Lower the cost

Government Programs: Constellation EELV COTS will enable Exploration assure Access to Space assure National Security and maintain the base Industry needs to leverage this capability !!

Constellation

EELV

COTS

Space Tourism – Lower Tech, Sub-Orbital Blue Origin Karman Line Low altitude Short duration Minimal payload No re-entry issues Genesis II Lynx Spaceship II Goddard Astrium Space Jet

Exploration will invigorate the U.S. Space Industry Growth will likely be in Commercial Space

A Relationship Lasting 50 Years… Past, Present, and Future … for NASA P W R E O