Japan’s Lunar Exploration Program for Next 20 years Nov 19, 2008 Kohtaro Matsumoto Research and Development Office Manager JAXA Space Exploration Center (JSPEC) Status of Lunar Exploration Roadmap for Lunar Exploration Asteroid Sample Return JTF for Human lunar Exploration International collaboration

Status of Lunar Exploration

Roadmap for Lunar Exploration

Asteroid Sample Return

JTF for Human lunar Exploration

International collaboration

SAC Lunar Exploration WG for LTP SAC (Space Activities Commission) revised its LTP (Long Term Programs of Space Activities) Long-term strategy for next decade JAXA’s new five-year plan from April 2008 LEWG (Lunar Exploration Working Group) for LTP in Sept. 2007 In addition to the Space Science WG LEWG strategy report for lunar exploration in Nov. 2007 LTP report including LEWG report, in Feb. 2008

SAC (Space Activities Commission) revised its LTP (Long Term Programs of Space Activities)

Long-term strategy for next decade

JAXA’s new five-year plan from April 2008

LEWG (Lunar Exploration Working Group) for LTP in Sept. 2007

In addition to the Space Science WG

LEWG strategy report for lunar exploration in Nov. 2007

LTP report including LEWG report, in Feb. 2008

LTP : Japan’s Long Term Programs of Space Activities Lunar & Planetary Exploration in New LTP, Feb.2008 Shall conduct it actively and boldly for Acquisition of new knowledge Expansion of our frontier balance in International Cooperation mechanism Autonomous activities Present Focus on unmanned (robotic) lunar exploration For Human Exploration Examine necessity in international cooperation Set forth R&D for autonomous human exploration

Lunar & Planetary Exploration in New LTP, Feb.2008 Shall conduct it actively and boldly

for

Acquisition of new knowledge

Expansion of our frontier

balance in

International Cooperation mechanism

Autonomous activities

Present Focus on

unmanned (robotic) lunar exploration

For Human Exploration

Examine necessity in international cooperation

Set forth R&D for autonomous human exploration

Japan’s Lunar Exploration Roadmap SELENE-X Advanced Japanese Astronaut on the Moon Int’l Human Lunar Exploration 2021 - 2025 2026 - 2030 Autonomous Human Lunar Exploration JEM HTV ISS 2016 - 2020 2011 - 2015 - 2010 SELENE KAGUYA SELENE-2 Lander orbitor Series Lander Human Lunar Exploration System Development Political Decision Technology Demo by SELENEs, JEM , and HTVs

KAGUYA as the 1st step of robotic precursor Launched Sep. 14, 2007 Objectives Science for lunar origin and evolution Tech. development for the future lunar exploration Main Orbitor (100km) + 2 small (Relay & VRAD) Major Outputs 1 st HDTV, Rising Earth, 3D lunar pictures “ Science” with 13 scientific sensors

Launched Sep. 14, 2007

Objectives

Science for lunar origin and evolution

Tech. development for the future lunar exploration

Main Orbitor (100km) + 2 small (Relay & VRAD)

Major Outputs

1 st HDTV, Rising Earth, 3D lunar pictures

“ Science” with 13 scientific sensors

Recent Release: Apollo 15 Landing Traces & Tycho 3D movie photo by Apollo-15 lander. Synthesized 3D KAGUYA image 3D viewing of Tycho Crater

SELENE-2 as the next step of robotic precursor Landing area : Quasi- eternal sun-light area in polar region or some other locations Mission life : One month at least . Phase-A will be completed Infrastructure for Exploration Landing Rover Lunar Science & Technology Origin and evolution of Moon Moon night survival without RTG Environmental study for future utilization Int. collaboration and cooperation Launch: H-2A @ 2010s’ 1000kg (Dry) 200-400kg Payload Lander Rover Relay Sat. Landing Gear Engine Solar Paddle Driving Mech. Arm RCS Antenna

Landing area : Quasi- eternal sun-light area in polar region

or some other locations

Mission life : One month at least .

Phase-A will be completed

Infrastructure for Exploration

Landing

Rover

Lunar Science & Technology

Origin and evolution of Moon

Moon night survival without RTG

Environmental study for future utilization

Int. collaboration and cooperation

Launch: H-2A @ 2010s’

1000kg (Dry) 200-400kg Payload

“ HAYABUSA” Challenge to Asteroid Sample Return Launch Mass : 510kg Dry Mass : 367kg Launcher : M-V Launched : 2003.5.9 Size : 535x294x209m Weight: 3.51x10 10 kg

Hayabusa Overview E a r t h S u n L a u n c h b y M 5 R o c k e t i n 2 0 0 2 A p p r o a c h b y B i - p r o p e l l a n t T h r u s t e r s i n 2 0 0 4 C r u s i n g b y I o n T h r u s t e r Launch May ‘03 Low Thrust + Earth Swingby in May, ‘04 Rendezvous Aug, ‘05 Touch-down & Sampling ‘05 Asteroid Itokawa Return Cruise Ion Engine Reentry for Recovery ‘07 Five Key Technology demonstrated : 1. Interplanetary Cruise via Ion Engines as Primary Propulsion 2. Optical Autonomous Navigation and Guidance 3. Sample Collection from Asteroid Surface under Micro Gravity 4. Direct Reentry for Sample Recovery from Interplanetary Orbit 5. Combination of Low Thrust and Gravity Assist

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Human Lunar Exploration : JTF (1) JTF (Joint Task Force) for human lunar exploration by international cooperation , Objective: Survey of human lunar exploration mission Study of options for the human lunar exploration architecture JTF engineers from 3 directorates JSPEC Human Space Systems and Utilization Mission Directorate (ISS) Space Transportation Mission Directorate Current Status: 2 nd cycle of internal architecture & mission study by the next ISECG (Mar. 2009) International architecture study multilaterally and bilaterally. Multilateral coordination at ISWG of ISECG Bilateral study with ESA

JTF (Joint Task Force)

for human lunar exploration by international cooperation ,

Objective:

Survey of human lunar exploration mission

Study of options for the human lunar exploration architecture

JTF engineers from 3 directorates

JSPEC

Human Space Systems and Utilization Mission Directorate (ISS)

Space Transportation Mission Directorate

Current Status:

2 nd cycle of internal architecture & mission study by the next ISECG (Mar. 2009)

International architecture study multilaterally and bilaterally.

Multilateral coordination at ISWG of ISECG

Bilateral study with ESA

Human Lunar Exploration : JTF (2) HTV will be launched soon. Lessons learned from ISS Quick achievements for sustainable political and public support. Robustness of transportation (crew and cargo) for risk mitigation Appropriate interdependency for program stability. Clearly defined mission requirements in the beginning of the study

Lessons learned from ISS

Quick achievements for sustainable political and public support.

Robustness of transportation (crew and cargo) for risk mitigation

Appropriate interdependency for program stability.

Clearly defined mission requirements in the beginning of the study

JAXA’s strategy for human lunar exploration as Human space program To evolve partnership reached wthrough ISS program, and participate in the next international program continuously. as International human lunar exploration To participate in the study and coordination, and evolve to actual Japanese participation . for Human transportation To acquire and improve the autonomous capability step by step by international cooperation. for Technology & life science for human lunar exploration To utilize “Kibo”, HTV, SELENE series and/or other robotic exploration mission

as Human space program

To evolve partnership reached wthrough ISS program, and participate in the next international program continuously.

as International human lunar exploration

To participate in the study and coordination, and evolve to actual Japanese participation .

for Human transportation

To acquire and improve the autonomous capability step by step by international cooperation.

for Technology & life science for human lunar exploration

To utilize “Kibo”, HTV, SELENE series and/or other robotic exploration mission

ISECG International Space Exploration Coordination Group Started from Nov. 2007 based on the GES 12 space agencies, today (to 14 agencies) History #1 at Berlin, Nov. 2007 #2 at Montreal, Jul. 2008 #3 at Tokyo, Mar. 2009 For long term international cooperation and coordination To Realize efficient and effective space exploration common standards, interface, coordinated activities JAXA will work for Participating role & Leading role in some subject, data archive and coordination mechanism study

Started from Nov. 2007 based on the GES

12 space agencies, today (to 14 agencies)

History

#1 at Berlin, Nov. 2007

#2 at Montreal, Jul. 2008

#3 at Tokyo, Mar. 2009

For long term international cooperation and coordination

To Realize efficient and effective space exploration

common standards, interface, coordinated activities

JAXA will work for

Participating role & Leading role in some subject,

data archive and coordination mechanism study

JAXA will collaborate internationally in SELENE-follow-on missions and in human lunar exploration.

JAXA will collaborate internationally

in SELENE-follow-on missions

and in human lunar exploration.