Amy Benson Evolving Web, Evolving Library

Agenda Web 2.0 Environment Technology Library 2.0 Impact Examples What’s next?

Web 2.0

Environment

Technology

Library 2.0

Impact

Examples

What’s next?

Mobility Connectivity Contribution Community Personalization Technology

Evolving Landscape Personalization Personal identity and environment accessed from anywhere Contribution Content creation and contribution Rating, reviewing, tagging, commenting, mixing and mashing Community Sharing, networking, collaborating Mobility Access anywhere, anytime with mobile devices Technology More smaller, faster, cheaper

Personalization

Personal identity and environment accessed from anywhere

Contribution

Content creation and contribution

Rating, reviewing, tagging, commenting, mixing and mashing

Community

Sharing, networking, collaborating

Mobility

Access anywhere, anytime with mobile devices

Technology

More smaller, faster, cheaper

The Web World User participation in basic Internet services such as searching and e-mail is almost universal Commonplace activities such as e-mail, maps and directions, booking flights, finding recipes, browsing health care sites, banking – tasks that used to require assistance People are not online only to accomplish specific tasks such as those mentioned above - users “hang out” online and increasingly spend time participating in social networks Five online social spaces are in the Alexa top ten global Web sites, including Facebook, Wikipedia, and YouTube (source Alexa.com) YouTube had over 5 billion visitors in July 2008 Americans watched 558 million hours of online video during the month

User participation in basic Internet services such as searching and e-mail is almost universal

Commonplace activities such as e-mail, maps and directions, booking flights, finding recipes, browsing health care sites, banking – tasks that used to require assistance

People are not online only to accomplish specific tasks such as those mentioned above - users “hang out” online and increasingly spend time participating in social networks

Five online social spaces are in the Alexa top ten global Web sites, including Facebook, Wikipedia, and YouTube (source Alexa.com)

YouTube had over 5 billion visitors in July 2008

Americans watched 558 million hours of online video during the month

Connectivity - Broadband Broadband supports active participation in the online community, bringing together people with shared interests or problems to chat or collaborate Broadband users spend on average 33% more time online than dial up users and report better outcomes from their Internet use (Nielsen/NetRatings) Broadband users are far more likely than dial-up internet users to create or post content to the internet - have a blog, post photos online, or contribute to chat-rooms Today in the Netherlands nearly three-quarters of households have a broadband connection

Broadband supports active participation in the online community, bringing together people with shared interests or problems to chat or collaborate

Broadband users spend on average 33% more time online than dial up users and report better outcomes from their Internet use (Nielsen/NetRatings)

Broadband users are far more likely than dial-up internet users to create or post content to the internet - have a blog, post photos online, or contribute to chat-rooms

Today in the Netherlands nearly three-quarters of households have a broadband connection

Web as Platform - Google Docs

A Richer User Experience Dynamic applications No more click and wait for screen refresh Beefed up experience thanks to Ajax and Flash Light, modular applications - don’t need to download and install programs to the desktop Interactive and responsive Customized / personal

Dynamic applications

No more click and wait for screen refresh

Beefed up experience thanks to Ajax and Flash

Light, modular applications - don’t need to download and install programs to the desktop

Interactive and responsive

Customized / personal

Google Maps

Connectivity - Cell Phone/Mobile 262.7 million wireless subscribers in the U.S. as of June 2008 – 84% of the population Wireless-only households: 15.8% Minutes of use: 2.1trillion 600.5 billion SMS/text messages annually world wide as of June 2008 There are now more Wi-Fi hotspots in Europe (50,000 locations) than in the US (25,000) as of September 28, 2008 (source: muniwireless.com) Source: http://www.ctia.org/media/industry_info/index.cfm/AID/10323

262.7 million wireless subscribers in the U.S. as of June 2008 – 84% of the population

Wireless-only households: 15.8%

Minutes of use: 2.1trillion

600.5 billion SMS/text messages annually world wide as of June 2008

There are now more Wi-Fi hotspots in Europe (50,000 locations) than in the US (25,000) as of September 28, 2008 (source: muniwireless.com)

Don’t Call it a Phone Within 5 years “mobiles” will replace the PC as the world’s access to the Web There are 3 times as many mobiles as PCs in the world More than 2 million people in the Netherlands accessed the Internet using mobile equipment such as a laptop or mobile phone in 2007. This is nearly 20 percent of all Internet users. Men and young people with higher education levels in particular are more likely to use a mobile connection. More than 330 million mobile users worldwide will own broadcast TV-enabled handsets by 2013

Within 5 years “mobiles” will replace the PC as the world’s access to the Web

There are 3 times as many mobiles as PCs in the world

More than 2 million people in the Netherlands accessed the Internet using mobile equipment such as a laptop or mobile phone in 2007. This is nearly 20 percent of all Internet users. Men and young people with higher education levels in particular are more likely to use a mobile connection.

More than 330 million mobile users worldwide will own broadcast TV-enabled handsets by 2013

Mobility / Connectivity / Community

Self Service Web 2.0 is all about empowering individual users Eliminate barriers Reduce complexity Customize/personalize Anywhere any time User drives the process

Web 2.0 is all about empowering individual users

Eliminate barriers

Reduce complexity

Customize/personalize

Anywhere any time

User drives the process

Pandora.com “ Sit back, relax, and enjoy the music, that’s the point”

Rollyo – Customized Search Engine

Rollyo Searchrolls

Community Connecting Sharing Collaborating Participating Reputation, networking Reviews, ratings, recommendations The online community has diminished somewhat the role of traditional opinion makers such as marketers and critics in creating buzz about music, news, top stories, giving a greater voice to collective judgments of connected people

Connecting

Sharing

Collaborating

Participating

Reputation, networking

Reviews, ratings, recommendations

The online community has diminished somewhat the role of traditional opinion makers such as marketers and critics in creating buzz about music, news, top stories, giving a greater voice to collective judgments of connected people

iTunes – Guiding Users to Content

Participation Low barriers to participation Availability of free tools: Blogger, PB Wiki, Audacity, Slideshare No special skills required Web 2.0 sites make it easy for users to contribute all kinds of content Images, videos, audio, ideas, information, comments, conversations, collaborations, ratings, reviews Popular sites thrive on user contributions, ratings and shared content: YouTube, digg, craigslist, MySpace, flickr, del.icio.us, etc.

Low barriers to participation

Availability of free tools: Blogger, PB Wiki, Audacity, Slideshare

No special skills required

Web 2.0 sites make it easy for users to contribute all kinds of content

Images, videos, audio, ideas, information, comments, conversations, collaborations, ratings, reviews

Popular sites thrive on user contributions, ratings and shared content: YouTube, digg, craigslist, MySpace, flickr, del.icio.us, etc.

But what does this have to do with my library?

Expectations 2.0 Library user expectations are driven by experiences and technology available on the commercial Web It’s a social phenomenon, not just technology Library 2.0 is a new model for library service It’s a chance to rethink and retool what we do and who we are

Library user expectations are driven by experiences and technology available on the commercial Web

It’s a social phenomenon, not just technology

Library 2.0 is a new model for library service

It’s a chance to rethink and retool what we do and who we are

23 Things Blogs and blogging Social software Delicious LibraryThing Photos & Images Flickr Image generators RSS Feeds and readers Tagging & Folksonomies Tag clouds Google Image Labeler Online tools & Applications Word processing Spreadsheets Mashups Wikis Wikipedia PB wiki Audio & Video Podcasts &Vodcasts Audiobooks YouTube

Blogs and blogging

Social software

Delicious

LibraryThing

Photos & Images

Flickr

Image generators

RSS

Feeds and readers

Tagging & Folksonomies

Tag clouds

Google Image Labeler

Online tools & Applications

Word processing

Spreadsheets

Mashups

Wikis

Wikipedia

PB wiki

Audio & Video

Podcasts &Vodcasts

Audiobooks

YouTube

Blogosphere Free and easy-to-use tools reduce barriers to participation Anyone can have a voice Bloggers can provide fresh takes on politics or popular culture in contrast to, or in support of stories in the mass media Estimates of the number of blogs and blog readers vary widely, but all studies agree that blogs are a global phenomenon that has hit the mainstream One source says that 184 million people worldwide have started a blog and that 77% of active Internet users read blogs (Universal McCann 2008)

Free and easy-to-use tools reduce barriers to participation

Anyone can have a voice

Bloggers can provide fresh takes on politics or popular culture in contrast to, or in support of stories in the mass media

Estimates of the number of blogs and blog readers vary widely, but all studies agree that blogs are a global phenomenon that has hit the mainstream

One source says that 184 million people worldwide have started a blog and that 77% of active Internet users read blogs (Universal McCann 2008)

Global Snapshot of Bloggers Source: technorati.com

How Are Libraries Using Blogs? Blogs are, in practice, communities of interest Post up-to-date information about the library and the community Collection materials, events, projects Keep it current and local Supply links to articles, announcements, newspapers, journals, publications, reviews, Web sites, and other resources on topics of local interest Provide a forum for patrons to comment and ask questions Generate interest, conversation, community

Blogs are, in practice, communities of interest

Post up-to-date information about the library and the community

Collection materials, events, projects

Keep it current and local

Supply links to articles, announcements, newspapers, journals, publications, reviews, Web sites, and other resources on topics of local interest

Provide a forum for patrons to comment and ask questions

Generate interest, conversation, community

Has the Blog Craze Peaked? Blogs, to use the words of one 19 year old contact are"so, so yesterday and all my friends are on Facebook" It’s a lot of writing, which can be time-consuming To attract a substantial audience, you have to have something to say on an ongoing basis Researchers for the Oxford English Dictionary claimed in 2007 that "the 15 most frequently used words in the blogosphere" (presumably the Anglo part of the blogosphere) are blogger, blog, stupid, me, myself, my, oh, yeah, ok, post, stuff, lovely, update, nice, [four letter word beginning with s]

Blogs, to use the words of one 19 year old contact are"so, so yesterday and all my friends are on Facebook"

It’s a lot of writing, which can be time-consuming

To attract a substantial audience, you have to have something to say on an ongoing basis

Researchers for the Oxford English Dictionary claimed in 2007 that "the 15 most frequently used words in the blogosphere" (presumably the Anglo part of the blogosphere) are blogger, blog, stupid, me, myself, my, oh, yeah, ok, post, stuff, lovely, update, nice, [four letter word beginning with s]

The End of a Blog

Microblogs or Tumblelogs People have noticed a movement among bloggers to Twitter, or other similar services, called microblogs, or tumblelogs Immediate, spontaneous contributions Usually consist of short phrases about what the person is doing at that moment – limit is 140 characters “ walked straight into a hole” ; “spying a second cup of tea” Many people post from a mobile phone from wherever they are Content can be displayed online or delivered by SMS to people who subscribe to a particular microblog

People have noticed a movement among bloggers to Twitter, or other similar services, called microblogs, or tumblelogs

Immediate, spontaneous contributions

Usually consist of short phrases about what the person is doing at that moment – limit is 140 characters

“ walked straight into a hole” ; “spying a second cup of tea”

Many people post from a mobile phone from wherever they are

Content can be displayed online or delivered by SMS to people who subscribe to a particular microblog

RSS Really Simple Syndication (RSS) RSS Readers A tool to help control the information juggernaut that is the WWW –monitor incoming content from selected sites Time saver/information manager RSS Feeds Publishers (of all kinds) provide content in specific format News, stock quotes, updates, blogs, wikis, etc. Users subscribe to feeds based on interests Alerts users to new content, updates, changes, or comments automatically Reduces need to visit multiple, individual Web sites to stay up to date

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

RSS Readers

A tool to help control the information juggernaut that is the WWW –monitor incoming content from selected sites

Time saver/information manager

RSS Feeds

Publishers (of all kinds) provide content in specific format

News, stock quotes, updates, blogs, wikis, etc.

Users subscribe to feeds based on interests

Alerts users to new content, updates, changes, or comments automatically

Reduces need to visit multiple, individual Web sites to stay up to date

Feeds

Google Reader

Firefox Live Bookmarks

Australian National University

Wikis Hawaiian word for "fast" Tool for collaborative resource creation via the Web Share the creation, editing, and maintenance of a resource among multiple collaborators Authorized users can add/delete/modify content Maintains page histories Allows comments Offers RSS feeds for updates

Hawaiian word for "fast"

Tool for collaborative resource creation via the Web

Share the creation, editing, and maintenance of a resource among multiple collaborators

Authorized users can add/delete/modify content

Maintains page histories

Allows comments

Offers RSS feeds for updates

Wiki versus Blog wiki is… collaborative multi-page resource always in flux infinitely editable internally linked Community-based blog is … opinionated one-sided chronological little internal linking/lots of external linking immediate

wiki is…

collaborative

multi-page resource

always in flux

infinitely editable

internally linked

Community-based

blog is …

opinionated

one-sided

chronological

little internal linking/lots of external linking

immediate

The Most Famous Wiki of All Goal: “…to put the sum of all human knowledge in the form of an encyclopedia in the hands of every single person on the planet for free.” -Jimmy Wales, cofounder and chief executive

Goal: “…to put the sum of all human knowledge in the form of an encyclopedia in the hands of every single person on the planet for free.”

-Jimmy Wales, cofounder and chief executive

How Can a Library use Wikis? Internal policy formation/dissemination Local topic wikipedia Reference how-to guides Reference pathfinder

Internal policy formation/dissemination

Local topic wikipedia

Reference how-to guides

Reference pathfinder

Butler University Reference Wiki http://butlerreference.pbwiki.com/

http:// www.libsuccess.org

Podcasting Audio and video content Video blogs are sometimes called vblogs or vlogs Short segments Educational programs Library tours Recorded events Author talks Book discussions Public meetings Allow people to comment, start conversations online, participate asynchronously

Audio and video content

Video blogs are sometimes called vblogs or vlogs

Short segments

Educational programs

Library tours

Recorded events

Author talks

Book discussions

Public meetings

Allow people to comment, start conversations online, participate asynchronously

Glasgow University Library Fresher’s Podcast Law Podcast Guide Podcast

Fresher’s Podcast

Law Podcast

Guide Podcast

University of Aberdeen

Social Networks Online communities Connecting with other people in a variety of ways for a variety of reasons Friendster LinkedIn MySpace Facebook Hyves Virtual worlds Gaming Second Life

Online communities

Connecting with other people in a variety of ways for a variety of reasons

Friendster

LinkedIn

MySpace

Facebook

Hyves

Virtual worlds

Gaming

Second Life

MySpace Page

Boston Regional Library System

Facebook

Social Networking As of November 1, 2008

Virtual Worlds A virtual 3D Web world you can walk through Interact with others in a virtual landscape through avatars Virtually attend meetings, shop, dance, rent an apartment Explore alternate worlds 3D gaming, education Interact, collaborate, contribute in more dimensions

A virtual 3D Web world you can walk through

Interact with others in a virtual landscape through avatars

Virtually attend meetings, shop, dance, rent an apartment

Explore alternate worlds

3D gaming, education

Interact, collaborate, contribute in more dimensions

3D Online Gaming Massively Multiplayer Online Games World of Warcraft GuildWars

Massively Multiplayer Online Games

World of Warcraft

GuildWars

Second Life Second Life is a 3D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents Opened to the public in 2003 Over 9 million inhabitants from around the globe Interact with other inhabitants Build a house or business Libraries and library services have been established Virtually attend book discussions Offer reference services to in-world visitors

Second Life is a 3D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents

Opened to the public in 2003

Over 9 million inhabitants from around the globe

Interact with other inhabitants

Build a house or business

Libraries and library services have been established

Virtually attend book discussions

Offer reference services to in-world visitors

Second Life

Events in Second Life

You’re Invited

Cataloging by Committee Folksonomies - metadata by the people Unsystematic and often unsophisticated No complicated hierarchy to learn Take advantage of contributed work by masses of dedicated people Contrast with professionally developed taxonomies and controlled vocabularies Growth in number of Web sites that take advantage of user-created metadata, or “tags” delicious Flickr University of Pennsylvania Penn Tags

Folksonomies - metadata by the people

Unsystematic and often unsophisticated

No complicated hierarchy to learn

Take advantage of contributed work by masses of dedicated people

Contrast with professionally developed taxonomies and controlled vocabularies

Growth in number of Web sites that take advantage of user-created metadata, or “tags”

delicious

Flickr

University of Pennsylvania Penn Tags

Aggregated Data Large quantities of data provide valuable information Data mining Recommendations, reviews, ratings One person’s opinion versus 135 people’s opinions Tagging Individual, personal tags versus collective wisdom

Large quantities of data provide valuable information

Data mining

Recommendations, reviews, ratings

One person’s opinion versus 135 people’s opinions

Tagging

Individual, personal tags versus collective wisdom

University of Pennsylvania – Penn Tags

University of Pennsylvania – Penn Tags

OPAC 2.0 OPACs contain valuable data in MARC ILS systems are a little out of step with today’s world Vendors don’t always prioritize library requests Libraries want 2.0 functionality Search across all types of library resources Improved navigation and search results Personalization Mobility Ability to participate

OPACs contain valuable data in MARC

ILS systems are a little out of step with today’s world

Vendors don’t always prioritize library requests

Libraries want 2.0 functionality

Search across all types of library resources

Improved navigation and search results

Personalization

Mobility

Ability to participate

University of Chicago

Boston College – Finding Aid

VuFind – Integrating Data Sources

WorldCat Local

Mobile Library Catalogs

Share the Data Unlock data Create standards-based, shareable data Separate content from display Provide access to appropriate data Watch word = interoperability Mashups – “Compelling Content Combinations” A mixture of content or elements often from different Web sites or data sets that enhance each others usefulness Bring outside information into the library and allow library data to mix with others outside its walls We need to open up our data and systems

Unlock data

Create standards-based, shareable data

Separate content from display

Provide access to appropriate data

Watch word = interoperability

Mashups – “Compelling Content Combinations”

A mixture of content or elements often from different Web sites or data sets that enhance each others usefulness

Bring outside information into the library and allow library data to mix with others outside its walls

We need to open up our data and systems

Gmaps Pedometer

Who is Sick?

xISBN The same work is often available in a variety of editions, all with different ISBNs Search results on a specific ISBN can be misleading xISBN is a web service that takes as input one ISBN and returns a list of other ISBNs of associated intellectual works – other editions Results intended for use by computer systems to generate new searches such as in OPAC Developed by OCLC’s Office of Research

The same work is often available in a variety of editions, all with different ISBNs

Search results on a specific ISBN can be misleading

xISBN is a web service that takes as input one ISBN and returns a list of other ISBNs of associated intellectual works – other editions

Results intended for use by computer systems to generate new searches such as in OPAC

Developed by OCLC’s Office of Research

Library Lookup

What’s Ahead?

The Cloud Cloud computing is Internet-based development and use of computer technology IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service” via the cloud Users access technology-enabled services from the Internet without knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that supports them The cloud is already forming With Microsoft’s Zune player, a connection to the Internet, and $14.99 USD per month you can access 3 million songs OPALS, Open-source Automated Library System, provides library system functionality as a hosted service

Cloud computing is Internet-based development and use of computer technology

IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service” via the cloud

Users access technology-enabled services from the Internet without knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that supports them

The cloud is already forming

With Microsoft’s Zune player, a connection to the Internet, and $14.99 USD per month you can access 3 million songs

OPALS, Open-source Automated Library System, provides library system functionality as a hosted service

Semantic Web Term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of Web 1.0 Markup/attach metadata to all kinds of information on the Web Using a set of standards, turns the Web into one big database by annotating, or marking up content Describes a Web where machines can read Web pages much as we humans read them Allow computers to “understand” data and data relationships to provide additional functionality, processing capabilities and machine interactions

Term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of Web 1.0

Markup/attach metadata to all kinds of information on the Web

Using a set of standards, turns the Web into one big database by annotating, or marking up content

Describes a Web where machines can read Web pages much as we humans read them

Allow computers to “understand” data and data relationships to provide additional functionality, processing capabilities and machine interactions

Library 2.0 Consider the library and its role in the information landscape Self-service Personalization Targeted content Emphasis on relevance Integrate data and resources of all kinds Welcome patron contributions Reduce barriers Make it easy for users to do what they want to do Hide complexity Serve as information guide and trusted source Recommend, suggest, review, rate

Consider the library and its role in the information landscape

Self-service

Personalization

Targeted content

Emphasis on relevance

Integrate data and resources of all kinds

Welcome patron contributions

Reduce barriers

Make it easy for users to do what they want to do

Hide complexity

Serve as information guide and trusted source

Recommend, suggest, review, rate

I’m am 1.0 going on 2.0 Library 2.0 is an means to an end It’s about service to our patrons, whoever they are and whatever their needs may be Imagine the possibilities for new products, processes, and services in your library Explore new technologies Embrace change (might as well!) Take it one step at a time Libraries as places humans and ideas come together – a perfect mashup

Library 2.0 is an means to an end

It’s about service to our patrons, whoever they are and whatever their needs may be

Imagine the possibilities for new products, processes, and services in your library

Explore new technologies

Embrace change (might as well!)

Take it one step at a time

Libraries as places humans and ideas come together – a perfect mashup

Thank you!

Amy Benson Librarian /Archivist for Digital Projects Schlesinger Library Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University amy_benson@radcliffe.edu