2. Agenda
What is e-SCM
Why use of technology
Issues in implementation
Research Methodology for Evaluation
Various Researches on E-SCM adopted be different
business sectors
3. e- SCM
The flow of material, information, money, and
services from raw material suppliers through factories
and warehouse, to end customer.
The collaborative use of technology to improve the
operations of supply chain activities as well as the
management of supply chains.
6. Why use technology
Inventory levels: Firms keep track of their existing
and needed inventory levels as the system can
provides early warning signs when that product is
running low.
Minimizing Bullwhip effect: The collaboration
present with electronic supply chain management can
go a long way in minimizing the “bullwhip” effect, the
distortion of demand forecasts along a supply chain
resulting from inaccurate or inadequate information.
7. ……
Long-term relationship: As firms open themselves, and
their information, up to each other they are forced to align
their own strategies and goals.
Speed: Speed and ability to communicate can be seen
throughout the supply chain.
Cost: Decrease in cost of communication, carrying
inventory and customer service.
Other: improved customer relationship, eliminates stock
outs, encourages customer driven demand, and efficiency
in tracking of delivery
8. Issues
Commitment: A firm must be committed to using the
system, foregoing past methods of conducting business,
such as phone, fax, and written record, and instead relying
on the automated supply chain system.
Involvement of all parties: The benefits of technology
must be conveyed to all parties involved.
Data accuracy: The benefits can only be accrued through
the accuracy of the data entered into and the consistent
usage of the system.
9. …….
Sharing of information: The more information is shared among
organization, the more it will be beneficial.
Over reliance: Many have found that their supply chain
strategies do not work when forced to respond to unexpected
events. As inventory levels are minimized, there is less safety
stock to handle emergencies. This emergency can come in many
forms; a delayed shipment, a broken down truck, a jump in
demand, a natural disaster. Unable to adapt to change, these
supply chain systems are inaccurate and put their firm at a
disadvantage.
11. B2B &B2C
•Marketing
•Catalog and Product information
B2B
•Inventory
•Logistics
B2C
•Customer personalization
•Order tracking
Contd…
Functions
12. Effective Communication between Customers and
Suppliers
Valid for companies under consideration
Not a comprehensive guide
Extent of public information (X or PW)
Free
Premium
Research Assumptions
13. Little correlation between firms’s revenues and
expectations.
Size Advantage
Insight on how smaller firms could effectively
Summary – Findings of Research
14. Key Factors Considered:
Consistent among all players.
Focus on both parties of business
Pricing Model
Information on all dealers and inventories
No online purchase
Automotive manufacturers
15. Key Factors Considered:
A broad network where the exchange of past problems
and resolutions as well as scorecards on supplier
performance in obtained.
Ability to build contracts and current production
information.
Employees to access company’s intranet from remote
location.
Supplier websites also provides link to third party sites to
serve them better
Automotive Suppliers
17. Supply chain management in toyota
vendor manufaktur dealer customer
1. Local parts
2. Import parts
(3)Receiving dock pc storeproduction (4)dealer (5)customer
PC store ProductionReceiving
Dock
Dealer
Local Parts
Local Parts
• 1 and 2 Linked between internal and vendor
STOCK REDUCTION USING KANBAN ( Kanban Cyclic ) & SEQUENTIAL PARTS DELIVERY
KANBAN:- A small time that is the key cotrol for JIT production
21. Key Factors considered:
Plenty of content designed for consumer including
product and pricing information.
Degree of customization and personalization.
Pricing and promotions differ for different users.
HP – Hard Deck, for authorized dealers and sellers.
Gateway - e-Marketplace, provides virtual exchange
for buyers and sellers.
Technology – E-commerce
25. Design—web, HTML etc.
E-commerce application development
Application support
Operations—mainly managing the relationship with
Exodus, which hosts Gateway.com
Quality assurance
Strategy R&D group—Their job is to track new
technologies and develop strategies to take
advantage of new capabilities.
Organisation of E-commerce
27. Provides personalized shopping experiences for
customers - Customer Focus
Large amount of information and data.
Excellent response time – Reflection of efficient
supply chain.
Account and access through secured credentials.
Amazon.com
Technology -dot-coms
28. Make the right offer at the right time
Optimize your up-sell and cross-sell success
Fully customize the checkout
Utilize a complete history of customer interactions
Volume on conversions
• Generate more online revenue
• Elevate stickiness
• Increase brand awareness
Shopping – Experience
29. More Visitors to Customers
Track and optimize
Easily test and refine content
Optimize conversions
Identify and target visitors
Contd…
32. Financial Services - Banking
Offered services for individuals, small businesses and large
corporations
Some form of Account
Accessed by password
Access financial Information
Wells Fargo offered a spectrum of financial services
including e-brokerage , business portal (accounts
receivables , financial software)
Goldmann Sachs & Co. offered high volume E-trading
through brokerages via FIX
33. Financial Services – Banking (Contd..)
Bank One and National City
Offered the usual personal banking services
Highly diversified in the amount of options that they
provide to their customers
Means to further eliminate paper from the world of
international trade
Electronic facilitation of the process – use of imaging
and workflow engines , not paper and checks
34. Axis Bank – eSCM
The Bank provides holistic funding solution to the
supply chain of corporates
Products cater to the funding needs of supply chain
members
Increased efficiency of the entire chain
Service delivery is through a technology platform to
increase transactional convenience for the corporate
35. Axis Bank – eSCM Model
Dealer Financing
Factoring of
Receivables
Purchase Invoice
financing
Rent receivable
Financing
Model
36. Axis Bank – eSCM Model(Contd..)
Dealer Financing : provide financing facility to the dealers
exclusively for their purchases made from that corporate
Factoring of Receivables : helps the corporate in boosting
its sales and managing receivables
Purchase Invoice Financing : provide financing to the
vendors of a particular corporate against supplies made to
that corporate . It helps in developing a strong and reliable
vendor base
Rent Receivable Financing : designed for companies
involved in renting out goods . The loans are advanced
against future rent receivables
37. Financial Services – Investment
Offered spectrum of services
Discount trading
Variety of financial services to private investors and
employers
Secured data transfer
Customer accounts ( offered by all )
Discount brokerages
Ameritrade and Etrade concentrated on providing services
to individual investors and stock info
Ameritrade makes a 10 second guarantee
40. Retail – General Merchandise
Many web sites offered tremendous e-commerce
ability but little in the realm of services for their
suppliers
Wal-Mart offers :
Normal range of retail items
Online pharmacy
Order tracking
Vacation packages
Internet Service provider
41. Wal-Mart Supply Chain Management
Finest example of supply chain management
Prices are low and their shelves are well stocked
Legendary Inventory Replenishment system triggered
by point-of-sale purchases
42.
43. Retail Clothing
Primarily customer driven
Most have some e-commerce capability
Very little provided for the suppliers
Aside from the type of clothing, there was very little
differentiation among these clothing websites
44. ZARA SCM Model
Short Lead time = More fashionable clothes
Lower Quantities = Scarce supply leads to higher
demands
More Style = More choice , and more chances of
hitting it right
Zara Fact : Consumers in London visit the average
store four times annually , but zara’s customers visit
its shops at an average of 17 times a year
45. ZARA SCM Model(Contd..)
The company spends almost nothing on
advertisement and uses the savings to support higher
cost of production
The tight integration of design , planning ,
merchandising and production enables the company
to be flexible
By forecasting demand accurately , it has led to well
managed inventories , higher profitability and value
creation for shareholders
46. Retail Electronics Websites
Offered tremendous e-commerce ability
Product information, promotions and order tracking
were readily available
highly promotional offering usual weekly coupon
flyers as well as special online deals
Circuit City – Express pick up option
47. Best Buy SCM Model
Set out to change its logistics strategy by offering
small , more intimate shopping environments with a
cleaner look
Reduced its transportation expenses by 30 percent
per shipment in the stores that were remodeled
The changes helped the store work more efficiently
and effectively
Named Nasstrac’s shipper of the year
49. Transportation – Air Websites
Highly focussed on their customers
None of the sites held supplier information
Offer flight availability, flight and baggage tracking ,
and logistics information for travel agents
Consistent with each other , offering similar features
and services
51. Transportation – Rail Websites
Offered extensive logistics and tracking services for
their customers
Union Pacific – the only railroad offering web services
for its suppliers
The Company offered web invoicing, routing
information, and information on how to become a
supplier.
53. Transportation – Package delivery
Companies examined offered e-commerce, order
tracking and logistics services
UPS offered wireless solutions and web services
along with some basic services
Western Union was primarily customer focused
the site did offer online payment options and
information for its nationwide agents.
55. Conclusion (e-SCM)
Supply chain management has been growing in importance with
firms concentrating on internal processes to the web-linking of
supply chain partners.
Firms have been pressed to increase their operational
efficiencies to stay competitive.
Some of the benefits include
lower inventory levels,
quicker response to problems
higher quality levels
higher customer satisfaction
more diverse product offerings