DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL SCALE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

PRESENTATION FLOW WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BRIEF THEORY DEVELOPMENT PLAN HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE PROBLEMS TESTING AND RESULTS FUTURE WORK QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Large number of small nodes densely deployed in a region. Collaborate to accomplish a common task, the data is forwarded towards a remote base station. Sensor Nodes: sensing, data processing, communication. Base Station: PC with node compatible wireless interface. Monitor and control all system activities. Applications: Intruder tracking, surveillance, Habitat Monitoring, Monitoring Disaster areas etc. 1. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) BRIEF THEORY 1.1 INTRODUCTION WSN concept representation.

Large number of small nodes densely deployed in a region.

Collaborate to accomplish a common task, the data is forwarded towards a remote base station.

Sensor Nodes: sensing, data processing, communication.

Base Station: PC with node compatible wireless interface. Monitor and control all system activities.

Applications:

Intruder tracking,

surveillance,

Habitat Monitoring,

Monitoring Disaster areas etc.

1.2 WSN FEATURES WSN Theory continued... Self Configuration: Network formation without human intervention, both communication and positioning. Special Protocols: Handling large number of nodes, broadcast medium, multihop routing. Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery. Data Aggregation and Fusion: redundant data from multiple nodes can be aggregated.

Self Configuration: Network formation without human intervention, both communication and positioning.

Special Protocols: Handling large number of nodes, broadcast medium, multihop routing.

Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery.

Data Aggregation and Fusion: redundant data from multiple nodes can be aggregated.

2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application . Development of three sensor nodes having: ultrasonic intruder detector, Micro-controller Wireless transceiver Base station establishment using Wireless interfaced PC. Software development for intruder trajectory mapping using node map. System block diagram

Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application .

Development of three sensor nodes having:

ultrasonic intruder detector,

Micro-controller

Wireless transceiver

Base station establishment using Wireless interfaced PC.

Software development for intruder trajectory mapping using node map.

3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR NODE a). Detection setup 1ms 40KHz wave 65ms b). Sensor block diagram c). Sensor TX wave pattern d). Sensor TX schematic

e). Ultrasonic receiver amplifier. f). Ultrasonic receiver detection. g). Ultrasonic receiver output comparator. Ultrasonic Sensor continued...

3.2 MICROCONTROLLER Microcontroller Tasks: Interrupt Signal handling of sensor. Data packet formation containing node identification and sensor information. Transmission of data packet serially to the base station via wireless communication device. 8051 microcontroller working schematic.

Microcontroller Tasks:

Interrupt Signal handling of sensor.

Data packet formation containing node identification and sensor information.

Transmission of data packet serially to the base station via wireless communication device.

8051 microcontroller working schematic.

3.3 WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER RF-650 Smart Radio Module features: Upto 250metres Range. Low Supply Voltage 3.3V, CMOS. Serial Data Interface. Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK). Manchester encoded data. Internal CRC error detection. Module pin diagram. RF-650 Radio Module Module antenna.

RF-650 Smart Radio Module features:

Upto 250metres Range.

Low Supply Voltage 3.3V, CMOS.

Serial Data Interface.

Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK).

Manchester encoded data.

Internal CRC error detection.

Module pin diagram.

Module antenna.

RF-650 configuration can be done by setting configuration pin low and sending a set of configuration data bytes as depicted by the following table. Wireless Transceivers continued...

RF-650 configuration can be done by setting configuration pin low and sending a set of configuration data bytes as depicted by the following table.

Wireless Transceivers continued... RF-650 schematic for serial PC interface.

RF-650 schematic for serial PC interface.

3.4 FULL SENSOR NODE SCHEMATIC To next slide

Full Sensor Node Schematic continued... From previous slide

4. PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE 4.1 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING Microcontroller tasks description. Program Flow

Microcontroller tasks description.

Program Flow

4.2 BASE STATION SOFTWARE “senTRACK” GUI using Visual Basic 6. Windows based, fully automatic, user friendly software. Serial Port Interface to wireless module. Visual mapping of intruder trajectory. Easy node map reconfiguration. Detailed summary generation.

GUI using Visual Basic 6.

Windows based, fully automatic, user friendly software.

Serial Port Interface to wireless module.

Visual mapping of intruder trajectory.

Easy node map reconfiguration.

Detailed summary generation.

4.3 UTILITY SOFTWARE “RFPROG” RF-650 configuration through byte pattern as given in the section 3.3 Slide 14 . A software developed to aid in repetitive programming by providing a simple user interface.

RF-650 configuration through byte pattern as given in the section 3.3 Slide 14 .

A software developed to aid in repetitive programming by providing a simple user interface.

5. PROBLEMS 5.1 Hardware Procurement Selection of suitable radio module. Wireless radio module shipment too costly. Level translator MAX-3232. 5.2 Problems in Hardware Implementation 8051 Microcontroller (TTL 5V) Interfacing to RF-650 (LV-CMOS 3.3V) Interface Circuitry SMT soldering of MAX-3232 IC. Ultrasonic sensor interfacing to microcontroller.

Selection of suitable radio module.

Wireless radio module shipment too costly.

Level translator MAX-3232.

8051 Microcontroller (TTL 5V) Interfacing to RF-650 (LV-CMOS 3.3V)

SMT soldering of MAX-3232 IC.

Ultrasonic sensor interfacing to microcontroller.

6. TESTING AND RESULTS 6.1 Simplifying Assumptions The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight. Broadcast medium is used for wireless communication. Three points are enough to map the intruder trajectory! 6.2 Simulate to Demonstrate Due to interfacing problems of sensor interrupt to microcontroller. Simulating sensor interrupt by placing manual push button. 6.3 Results Ultrasonic sensor successfully tested to perform the intruder detection. RF-650 radio modules successfully tested to perform the wireless communication. Software developed for intruder trajectory mapping, system monitoring and controlling.

The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight.

Broadcast medium is used for wireless communication.

Three points are enough to map the intruder trajectory!

Due to interfacing problems of sensor interrupt to microcontroller.

Simulating sensor interrupt by placing manual push button.

Ultrasonic sensor successfully tested to perform the intruder detection.

RF-650 radio modules successfully tested to perform the wireless communication.

Software developed for intruder trajectory mapping, system monitoring and controlling.

7. FUTURE WORK 7.1 Standard Mote Based Implementation Implementation using popular mote kits. Crossbow's Proposed MICA2 Basic Kit features: 3 MICA2 Processor/Radio Boards 2 MTS300 Sensor Boards (Light, Temperature, Acoustic, and Sounder) 1 MIB510 Programming and Serial Interface Board. Mote-Test Software, Hardware User’s Manuals, TinyOS Guide. Programming in Nes-C on Linux platform. Price $ 795 ( Rs. 50,000 approx including shipment charges)

Implementation using popular mote kits.

Crossbow's Proposed MICA2 Basic Kit features:

3 MICA2 Processor/Radio Boards

2 MTS300 Sensor Boards (Light, Temperature, Acoustic, and Sounder)

1 MIB510 Programming and Serial Interface Board.

Mote-Test Software, Hardware User’s Manuals, TinyOS Guide.

Programming in Nes-C on Linux platform.

Price $ 795 ( Rs. 50,000 approx including shipment charges)

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

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