Introduction To Web Technology

Introduction to Web Technology H-Line Soft Information Technology

Purpose
The purpose of this presentation is to:
Acquaint you with the terms and concepts necessary to determine how the Web can improve your business
Demonstrate the capabilities of Web applications
“ It’s time to take the red pill”

Web Concepts How the Web Works
Let’s start with you. the user
To use the web you must have a computer or another “web-ready” device, ex: Palm Pilot or Web phones * .
* Often called Web Access Protocol (WAP) devices

Your computer must have
communications hardware
with installed drivers (software)
Modem card, ex: 56k Modem
Network * or NIC** card, ex: Linksys
Wireless Network card
* Most networks today communicate using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) ** Network Interface Card

Your computer must have Web service
Modem and Dialup Internet Service Provider (ISP), ex: AOL
* Digital Subscriber Line (DSL),
offered by phone company in non-rural areas
* Internet Satellite, offered by satellite TV
* Digital Cable, offered by cable TV
* Dedicated LAN, ex: large corp.
networks or US govt.
* These faster services are called “Broadband”

Your computer must have Web browser software
AOL Online Software
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator
Other web services require
mail programs (Outlook) or
File Transfer programs
(WS_FTP)

Your computer must be logged into the Web
Dialup has dialed, connected & user has logged in
OR
DSL/Satellite/Cable modem is on and connected

Quick Note on Networks Simple Dialup
There are many types of network setups
56k Modem plugged into phone line (1 computer)
AOL is a dialup service
Dialup Modem Phone Outlet Note: Uses regular(RJ11) phone cable Computer

Quick Note on Networks Simple Cable/Satellite
Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem plugged into cable/DSL/satellite outlet (1 computer)
Charter and SBC/Yahoo are broadband Internet services
Cable/DSL/ Satellite Modem Cable/ Satellite Outlet Note: Uses special Category 5 (Cat 5 RJ45) Cable called patchcords * Most network equipment has a speed of 100Mbit/s Computer

Quick Note on Networks Cable/DSL/Satellite with Hub
Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem plugged into cable/DSL/satellite outlet
Requires 2 or more Internet Protocol (IP) connections (like 2 separate phone numbers)
Cable/DSL Satellite Outlet Hub Computer Cable/DSL Satellite Modem Computer

Quick Note on Networks Cable/DSL/Satellite with Router/Switch
Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem and Router/ Switch * plugged into cable/satellite outlet
Requires only 1 Internet Protocol (IP) connection (shares a phone number-saves $$)
Cable/DSL Satellite Outlet Router/ Switch * Switches are smarter and faster than hubs Computer Computer Cable/DSL Satellite Modem

Quick Note on Networks Cable/Satellite with Wireless Router/Switch
Cable/Satellite Modem and wireless Router/Switch plugged into cable/satellite outlet
Replaces switch-to-computer cables, requires wireless network cards *
Cable/ Satellite Outlet Wireless Router/ Switch * Wireless is more convenient, but slower and less secure than Cable Computer Cable/ Satellite Modem Computer

Quick Note on Networks Cable/Satellite with Wireless and Regular Router/Switch
Cable/Satellite Modem and two Router/ Switches plugged into cable/satellite outlet
Cable/ Satellite Outlet Wireless Router/ Switch Router/ Switch Computer Computer Cable/ Satellite Modem Computer Computer

Quick Note on Networks Firewalls
Firewalls are like the firewall in your car, which keep the heat and noise of the engine outside the passenger compartment
Computer Firewalls are used to keep unwanted Internet users from accessing your network
Once online, you are vulnerable w/o a firewall
BlackIce is an example of firewall software
Cable/ Satellite Outlet Router/ Switch & Firewall Firewall Computer Cable/ Satellite Modem

Quick Note on Networks Firewalls
Computer Firewalls work like Caller ID
You set up the rules of who can “call” you
Unrecognized callers are either denied, or asked for a password
NOTE: Some software, like PCAnywhere and SQL Server require the firewall to specially configured

Back to the Logged in computer
Once your computer is logged in, it is assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Most networks (and all dialups) issue IPs on a per-login basis, these are called Dynamic IPs
Some networks issue these permanently, these are called Fixed IPs
Your IP is a 16-digit number which is used to identify your computer to the Internet, ex: 208.127.007.123

Every time you request information from the Internet, your IP is sent with the request, so the Internet knows where to send the information
Every website has an IP address. The U niversal R esource L isting (URL) like, www.yahoo.com is translated to its IP address automatically for you
NOTE: Remember the router/switches that only need one IP address? The router keeps track of the network users so they can share the IP address.

Example:
You wants news so you types in: http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920
Quick Note on four parts of the URL:
Protocol: http is H yper t ext T ransfer P rotocol, you will also see https used for secure transactions. If you leave this off, the default is http.
Domain: www.msnbc.com identifies a specific webserver
File Information: /news/934483.asp identifies the specific filename on the requested website.
Query string: ?vts=072920030920 Additional information sent in the request, in this case the article number called vts.

Simple Example:
You wants news so you type in: http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920
MSN-BC receives the request, looks up the article and send it back to you.
http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920

Detailed Example (what really happens):
You (208.127.007.123) want news so you type in: http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920
MSN-BC’s IP address of 207.46.150.21 is translated by a program called the Domain Name Server (DNS)
The request is sent to http://207.46.150.21/news/934483.asp
MSN-BC receives the request, accesses its database to look up the article and sends the article (vts=072920030920) and several graphics * back to you (208.127.007.123)
Your browser assembles the article and graphics according to the H yper T ext M arkup L anguage (HTML) code to format and display the MSN-BC screen.
* Each webpage is comprised of numerous graphic files, that why we see (10 items remaining) on the status bar of a downloading page. It’s waiting for those pieces to complete the page.

Detailed Example (Other Comments):
Technically the Internet is a large network. The W orld w ide W eb (WWW) is an application that runs on the Internet. Whenever you type in “ http://www.whatever.com” you are using the Worldwide Web. The Worldwide Web produces webpages (a combination of text and graphics).
MSN-BC’s website has an IP address of 207.46.150.21. It uses the domain name of www.msnbc.com because it registered that domain name with Network Solutions or another authorized Domain Registry company. These companies maintain the databases used by the Domain Name Servers (DNS). Current annual fees are about $35.

Detailed Example (GeeWhiz Stuff):
Network messages are split up and transmitted in small sections called “packets”. TCP/IP is a “packet-switched network”.
JavaScript, Java and Perl are languages uses to help HTML display webpages (scrolling display, animation, etc). More on this when we talk about Web Applications.
Flash, Shockwave, Quicktime, WAV, mpeg, RealAudio, and MP3 are all types of files that can be displayed with a webpage. Special programs, called “plug-ins” allow your browser to display, play, or run these various files.

Detailed Example (Security):
Webpages are secured by installing a special license and software, called a Secure Socket Link (SSL) on the servicing website called a Web Host. This software encrypts communication between the user computer and website. Most credit card processing is transmitted using SSL. You’ll notice the protocol will be https:// or shttp:// and a “secure” or “locked” icon appears on your browser screen. Current annual fee is about $400.
Hackers monitor web requests using special software, SSL protects financial & personal information by encrypting these messages—foiling the hackers .
https ://www.bankofamerica.com $$$

Transmission Speed
Transmission Speed is the amount of data that a line can transfer.
A 28.8k modem transmits 28,800 bits per second (bps), a 56k modem transmits 56,000 bps (7 kbytes/s) – the maximum via normal phone lines
An ISDN modem transmits 128k
Cable/Satellite/DSL transmit at least 384 kbps
A T1 line transmits 1.54Mbps (ISP speed)
A T3 line transmits 43 Mbps (Web host speeds)
Fiber Optics start with OC-3 which is 115 Mbps
OC-12 is 622 Mbps (Internet backbone speed)

Search Engines
All search engines do about the same things:
Search the Internet for websites using robots , which are automated software programs that search for keyword and description META tags in the HTML code
Allow users to search their database using keywords
Allow website administrators to suggest their sites to the search database (no guarantees)
Allow website administrators to buy “premium placement” – Extra money to get to the top of the list
Other companies, like Overture, also manage premium placement or sponsored links for search engine sites.

Web Applications
Web pages are like online Word documents. HTML is used to display pictures, format paragraphs, change colors, fonts, etc.. BUT Word can’t add numbers or animate graphics.
Web Applications are like online spreadsheets and databases. They do something. Common scripting languages used to do this are Cold Fusion, Active Server Pages (ASP), and PHP.
Web Applications interact with program variables, databases, spreadsheets, and user inputs to create dynamic web content .

Web Applications
In fact, our first example was a web application
When the MSN-BC server read the 934483.asp file, control moved to the ASP server and passed the variable VTS with a value of 072920030920
http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920 ASP Server VTS=072920030920 ASP Server

Web Applications
The 934483.asp file searched the news database for article number (VTS) 072920030920
http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920 ASP Server VTS=072920030920 Database VTS=072920030920 ASP Server

Web Applications
The article text is passed back to the ASP Server
Then to the MSNBC web server

Web Applications
The article text is then inserted into the web page and sent to the requesting user

Web Applications
Web Applications can read or write to multiple databases, spreadsheets, even mail servers to send email confirmations
ASP Server Database Database Spreadsheet Web Server Mail Server

Web Applications
Web Applications include on-line:
Banking services
Catalogs and shopping carts
Airline ticket reservations
Chat rooms
Message Boards
Search Engines
Theater Listings
Dating Services
Mortgage Calculators
To name only a few applications.

E-Commerce
E-commerce sites are basically large web applications. The ordered items go into a database, which adds up the prices, taxes, even shipping.
The tricky part is the credit card processing
Let’s follow a user that is placing an order.

E-Commerce
First, the user goes to a website and adds her desired items to the shopping cart
When all her desired items are in the shopping cart, she clicks the “checkout” button
The web application will total the item quantities and prices, determine taxes, shipping charges, and present an invoice to her.
User Web Server IMA Bank Website’s Bank Acct Verification Svc Secure Web Server

E-Commerce
Next, the she reviews his order and clicks the Purchase button
The order request is received by the web server who talks to the secure web server
The secure * web server sends a secure web page to accept the credit card and personal information
User Web Server IMA Bank Website’s Bank Acct Verification Svc Secure Web Server * Most Web Host offer limited free SSL services to their customers

E-Commerce
She then inputs his credit card information and address and starts the credit card purchase
The credit card information and address is verified by the Verification Service, (ex: VeriSign)
The Verification Service acts as a messenger service couriering verified information and money to the required places
Verification Services cost about $20/mo
User Web Server Secure Web Server IMA Bank Verification Svc Website’s Bank Acct

E-Commerce
The verified credit card voucher is forwarded to the Internet Merchant Account (IMA) bank
The website has an IMA to cash the credit card vouchers. These IMA banks charge a percentage and a per transaction fee. They also have a minimum fee of $20/month so if you only receive a few credit card transactions, you’ll end up paying a larger fee

E-Commerce
The Internet Merchant Account bank will “cash” the credit card request, subtracting their 2-3% and 25-35 cents/transaction charges
The proceeds are deposited into the Website’s bank account
This bank account can be the website company’s regular business bank account or a separate one

E-Commerce
The Internet Merchant Account bank acknowledges the transaction to the Verification Service
The Verification Service acknowledges the transaction to the Web Server
The Web Server sends notice to the user that her transaction was approved (or disapproved)

E-Commerce
The Verification Service will also notify the Website owner of all credit card transactions
All credit card activities are saved in a database. Special administrative webpages (passworded) allow the website owner to reconcile credit card activity, perform charge-backs, and notify additional email addresses of account activity

Website Requirements
Requirements Collection
One of the most important steps
How do we, the development experts, collect requirements from a businessperson who knows his business—but not the Web?

What Do You Want the Web to do for you?
What information, pictures, prices, etc. do you want to show about your company?
Do you want to sell products or services from your website?
What information could you put on the Web that would prevent “time-costly” phone calls?

What Do You Want the Web to do for you?
What web applications would bring more business to your company or make your personnel more efficient?
Tying information from multiple databases together into a single report
Extending your business information and applications to your “on the road” salespersons or technicians
Automating boring, labor-intensive tasks

Website Requirements What do I need for my Website?
Web Host * – Web server where your website is hosted. Prices are $10 - $50 /mo depending on languages supported, databases, etc.
Domain Registration – Registers your named URL, www.business.com Prices are $10 – 35/year.
Web Design - Designing the content, navigation, and layout of your website (front-end). Prices are $50 - $150/hour.
Web Applications – Design web application functionality (back-end). Prices are $65 – $250/hour
* This is not your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Although your ISP may also Web Host.

Website Requirements What do I need for my Website? (Cont’d)
If e-comm/credit card processing is required:
Shopping Cart Software, ex. Miva, AbleCommerce, or custom Prices are $1000 - ?
Verification Services, ex. VeriSign Prices are a one-time setup fee ($150) and about $20/month
Internet Merchant Account (IMA), ex. eMerchant Solutions Prices are a one-time setup fee ($100) and 2-3% and 25 cents per transaction
PayPal , requires user signup and checking information

Introduction To Web Technology

by Arun Kumar on Aug 26, 2009

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