MC I Ye r
A a
Bus s P c s
ine s ro e s
Unit II
G Roy Antony Arnold
Lecturer / CSE
Infant Jesus College of Engineering
Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

The Meaning of Leadership
 Le d rs isinflue ingo rs
a e hip nc the
to a hie c rta a so
c ve e in im r
o je tive
b c s
 Le d rs isa influe e
a e hip n nc
re tio hip a o le d rsa
la ns m ng a e nd
fo w rsw s
llo e ho trivefo re l
r a
c ng a o o e tha
ha e nd utc m s t
re c the s re p o e .
fle t ir ha d urp s s
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

What do leaders do?
 De id o je tive fo theo a tio
c ing b c s r rg niza n
 P vid e e ea s ttings nd rd fo the
ro ing xp rtis nd e ta a s r
o a tio
rg niza n
 De rm
te iningthes tureo theo a tio
truc f rg niza n
 Allo a
c tingre a sa p hm nt
w rd nd unis e
 Ac tinga ro m d ls
s le o e .
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

What makes good leader?
 Tra itio l Vie
d na w
 Ha as ng d c ivec ra te
s tro , e is ha c r
 Isa ‘xp rt’ there va fie o b ine s
n e e in le nt ld f us s
 Isa a c t
n uto ra
 Fo us so p fitsa fina ia s c s
c e n ro nd nc l uc e s
 Isag o c m unic to
od o m a r
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

What makes good leader?
 Mo e Vie
d rn w
 Isc ris a , w afla fo p licre tio
ha m tic ith ir r ub la ns
 P s e s sp
o s s e rinc le
ip s
 Isa e e nt c m unic to –thisinc e
n xc lle o m a r lud s
b ingag o lis ne
e o d te r
 W lc m sa vic a s p rt fro s e ia ts
e o e d e nd up o m p c lis
 Isfle lea a leto flo
xib nd b uris in ac ng
h ha ing
enviro e
nm nt
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Components of Leadership
Credibility:
LEADERSHIP
The quality that the leaders have, that makes
people believe or trust them.
V A Achieve:
I C To succeed in doing something or causing
H something to happen
S COMMUNICATION I Vision:
I E The ability to think about or plan the future with
O V great imagination and intelligence
N E Communication:
The activity or process of expressing ideas and
CREDIBILITY feelings or of giving people information
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Principles of Leadership
1. Kno yo e & s e im ro m nt.
w urs lf e k p ve e
2. Bete hnic lly P fic nt
c a ro ie
3. Se k Re p ns ility & ta re p ns ility fo yo a tio
e s o ib ke s o ib r ur c ns
4. Ma So
ke unda tim ly d c io
nd e e is ns
5. Se thee m le
t xa p
6. Ke pSta Info e .
e ff rm d
7. Kno yo p o lea lo k o the w ll-b ing
w ur e p nd o ut ir e e
8. De lo thes ns o Re p ns ility in yo w rke .
ve p e e f s o ib ur o rs
9. Ens tha ta ksa und rs o , s e e , & a c m lis d
ure t s re e to d up rvis d c o p he
10.W rk a ate m
o s a
11. Us thefull c p b
e a a ilitie o yo o a tio
s f ur rg niza n
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Factors of Leadership
Fo fa to o le d rs :
ur c rs f a e hip
TheLe d r
ae
TheFo w r
llo e
TheSitua n
tio
TheC m unic tio
o m a n
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Factors of Leadership
The Leader:
 Ha a ho s und rs nd
ve n ne t e ta ingof:
 Who yo a
u re
 Wha yo kno
t u w
 Wha yo d n’kno
t u o t w
 Wha yo c n d
t u a o
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Factors of Leadership
The follower:
“ s ff m m e w a re p ns lea
the ta e b rs ho re s o ib s
fo w r”
llo e
 Kno the
w ir:
 Ine e nc d le l
xp rie e ve p rta
e iningtoata k
s
 C nfid nc le l
o e e ve
 Ha w rke ?
rd o r? ?
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

How Followers Respond to the Leaders
Most Likely Response Of Followers
Type of Influence tactic
Used by Leaders
Resistance: Followers may appear
to respond but not actually do so.
Coercion
Or they may get angry and even
sabotage the leader’s plan
Formal
Position Compliance: Followers do what
Reward they are told, but without any
enthusiasm.
Expertise Commitment: Followers are
enthusiastic to achieve the leaders’
Charisma objectives, and they accept the
objectives as their own
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Factors of Leadership
The Situation:
 “ a c ng , ne r o in thes m .”
Alw ys ha ing ve ne a e
 C ns e
o id r:
 Theta k
s
 Tim & s ff a ila lefo ta k
e ta va b r s
 Sub rd tec m e nc le l
o ina o p te e ve
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Factors of Leadership
Communication:
 “ ha eo info a n a id a fro o p rs n to
Exc ng f rm tio nd e s m ne e o
a the
no r.”
 P y a ntio to
a tte n :
 Wo c ic
rd ho e
 P ic l a tio
hys a c ns
 Vo eto
ic ne
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Leadership Variables
Leader Traits and Skills Leader Behavior Exogenous Situational Variables
Managerial Motivation Task-Oriented Behavior Task Characteristics & Technology
Self – Confidence Group-Maintenance ” Scope of Formal Authority
Technical Skills Influencing Subordinates Legal – Political Constraints
Human Relations Skills Representative Behavior Environmental Forces
Conceptual Skills Subordinate Needs, Values & Personality
Energy Level
Emotional Maturity Leader Power
Physical Attributes Expert Power Intervening Variables
Reward Power Subordinate effort & commitment
Coercive Power Subordinate Skills
Referent Power Subordinate Role Clarity
Upward Power Subordinate – Leader Relation
Lateral Power Support Services & Resources
Legitimate Power Task – Role Organization
Group Cohesiveness & Teamwork
End – Result Variables
Group Performance
Goal Attainment
Group Capability
Member Psychology
Health and Growth
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Leadership Models
 Ma g ria Grid
na e l .
 Fo Fra ew rk Ap ro c
ur m o p a h.
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

The Managerial Grid Model
G Roy AntonyConcern for Production or Process
Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Types based on Grid Model
 Authoritarian (9o ta k, 1 o p o le
n s n ep )
 Team Builder(9o ta k, 9o p o le
n s n ep )
 Country Club (1 o ta k, 9o p o le
n s n ep )
 Impoverished (1 o ta k, 1 o p o le
n s n e p ).
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Four Framework Approach
 In the Four Framework Approach, Bolman and Deal suggest
that leaders display leadership behaviors in one of four types
of frameworks:
 Structural Framework
 Human Resource Framework
 Political Framework
 Symbolic Framework
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Structural Framework
 In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a social
architect whose leadership style is analysis and design.
 While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a
petty tyrant whose leadership style is details.
 Structural Leaders focus on
 structure,
 strategy,
 environment,
 Implementation,
 experimentation, and
 adaptation. Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
G Roy Antony
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Human Resource Framework
 In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a catalyst and
servant whose leadership style is support, advocate, and
empowerment.
 while in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a
pushover, whose leadership style is abdication and fraud.
 Human Resource Leaders believe in people and communicate
that belief; they are visible and accessible; they empower,
increase participation, support, share information, and move
decision making down into the organization.
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Political Framework
 In an effective leadership situation, the leader is an
advocate, whose leadership style is coalition and
building.
 While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader
is a hustler, whose leadership style is manipulation.
 Political leaders clarify what they want and what they
can get; they assess the distribution of power and
interests; they build linkages to other stakeholders,
use persuasion first, then use negotiation and
coercion only ifRoy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
G
necessary.
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Symbolic Framework
 In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a
prophet, whose leadership style is inspiration.
 While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader
is a fanatic or fool, whose leadership style is smoke
and mirrors.
 Symbolic leaders view organizations as a stage or
theater to play certain roles and give impressions;
these leaders use symbols to capture attention; they
try to frame experience by providing plausible
interpretations of experiences; they discover and
communicateG a vision. Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
Roy Antony Arnold
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India

Leadership Styles
Flexible &
Seeks Advice
adaptable
Expert Decisive
Modern
Charismatic Traditional
Downward
Good communicator communicator
Strong
Leader
Discussion
Sets objectives Labor turnover Democratic
Autocratic
Decentralization
Delegation
Power at top Downward
communicator
G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus
College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu,
India