WHOLE BODY VIBRATION EXPOSURE AND PREDICTION OF HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF SURFACE HAUL TRUCKS IN OPENCAST MINES IN NORTHWEST RUSSIA KIROVSK CITY Underground mine Open mine Øvrum A. (1), Skandfer M. (1), Talykova L. (2) Nikanov A. (2), Syurin S. (2), Khokhlov T. (2)

TROMSØ KIROVSK MURMANSK OSLO ST. PETERSBURG NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND RUSSIA ARKHANGELS

Methode Results Discussion Introduction RUSSIA INDIA CANADA C ompare exposure values with findings in other international studies from similar work places I II Discuss predicted health risks associated with the use of Surface Haul Trucks (SHTs) according to the criteria in ISO standard 2631-1, annex B and EC Directive 2002/44/EC. 1 2 3 4 Conclusion 5 © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway

© 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 1 INTRODUCTION SHT drivers n = 250 12 hour shifts, WBV exposure 8 hours

Surface Haul Trucks: Caterpillar and Belarussian Autoworks (Belas)

2 MATERIAL – Surface Haul Trucks (SHT’s) Caterpillar 785C: Belas 75 121: Belas 75 131: Belas 75 145: Range of measurment periodes: 13-58 min. © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway n=14

MEASUREMENTS: ISO 2631-1, 1997 Portable measurement equipment (Larson Davis) Seat pad and accelerometer (PCB)

Table 1: Frequency-weighted r.m.s. acceleration and vibration dose value (VDV) for 4 types of SHTs. 3 RESULTS WBV exposure from SHT’s (n=14) A(8)rms = 1,0 m/s 2 , SD = 0,23 © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway Vehicle type Number of vehicles (number of measurments) Measurment duration (min.) Most severe axis acceleration r.m.s (z-axis) (m/s 2 ) Most severe axis vibration dose value (VDV) (z-axis) (m/s -1,75 ) Mean Min. Max SD Mean Min. Max SD Caterpillar 785C 2 (2) 31-37 1,12 1,09 1,15 0,04 13,65 13,5 13,8 0,21 Belas 75 121 2 (2) 34-45 1 1,05 0,96 0,06 10,95 10,4 11,5 0,78 Belas 75 131 4 (6) 21-25 0,83 0,7 0,92 0,1 8,26 6,89 9,91 0,99 Belas 75 145 6 (7) 13-58 1,1 0,73 1,57 0,29 11,04 7,24 14,4 2,92 SHTs n=14* 14 (17) 13-58 1 0,7 1,57 0,23 10,35 6,89 14,4 2,61

I II 4 DISCUSSION © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway RUSSIA INDIA CANADA C ompare exposure values with findings in other international studies from similar work places Discuss predicted health risks associated with the use of Surface Haul Trucks (SHTs) according to the criteria in ISO standard 2631-1, annex B and EC Directive 2002/44/EC.

4 DISCUSSION NORTH WEST RUSSIA INDIA © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway [1],[2] [1] Mandal B.B., (2006). Whole body vibration exposure of heavy earth moving machinery operators in Indian mines. Indian Mining & Engineering Journal (2006), Vol 45:29-31. [2] Shrawan Kumar, (2004). Vibration in operating heavy haul trucks in overburden mining, Applied Ergonomics 35 (2004) 509-520. Limit value 21 m/s 2 Action value 9,1 m/s -1,75

4 DISCUSSION NORTH WEST RUSSIA CANADA © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway [3] [3] Eger T., Salmoni A., Cann A., Jack R. (2006). Whole-body vibration exposure experienced by mining equipment operators. Occupational Ergonomics 6 (2006) 121-127. Limit value 1,15 m/s 2 Action value 0,5 m/s 2

Table 2: Health guidance caution zones in ISO 2631-1 (Annex B) and exposure limit values and action values in Directive 2002/44/EC. 4 DISCUSSION ISO 2631-1 Annex B Directive 2002/44/EC © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway ISO 2631-1 Annex B Directive 2002/44/EC A(8) (m/s 2 r.m.s) VDV(8) (m/s 1,75 ) A(8) (m/s 2 r.m.s) VDV(8) (m/s 1,75 ) For exposure below the zone (HGCZ) health effects have not been clearly documented and/or objectively observed. 0,45 8,5 Action value 0,5 9,1 HGCZ - Health Guidance Caution Zone. 0,45 - 0,9 8,5 - 17 Above the HGCZ health risks are likely. 0,9 17 Exposure limit 1,15 21

5 Directive 2002/44/EC HGCZ Appendix ISO 2631-1 1,0 m/s 2 - mean A(8)rms Limit value 1,15 m/s 2 Action value 0,5 m/s 2 HGCZ 0,45 – 0,9 m/s 2 A(8)rms © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 4

5 Directive 2002/44/EC HGCZ Appendix ISO 2631-1 10,35 m/s 1,75 - mean VDV Limit value 21 m/s 2 Action value 9,1 m/s -1,75 HGCZ 8,5 – 17 m/s -1,75 Vibration dose value, VDV © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 4 Crest factor (n=14) = 12,78 SD±5,26.

Directive 2002/44/EC A(8)rms Workers subjective impression of exposure

Winter Summer Spring Autume

Seats © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 5

5 WBV Road quality Seat, type Driver Vehicle, maintenance FACTORS INFLUENCING THE WBV in SHT’s © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 5

5 Occupational - Clinics: Tromsø, Norway Kirovsk, Russia Umeå, Sweden Mining - Communities: Longyear city, Norway Kirovsk, Russia Kiruna, Sweden FUTURE PROJECT – WBV, mining industry, Barents Region © 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 5

© 2009 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UNN HF © 2008 Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UNN TROMSØ University Hospital of North Norway THANK YOU! ANY QUESTIONS?