3. 1) Human Resources
2) Qualitative Aspect and Quantitative Aspect
3) Causes of population Explosion
4) Population Growth & Economics Development
5) Different Approaches to take the population
problems
6) Human Development

4. A group of individuals or items that share one or
more characteristics from which data can be
gathered and analyzed.

6. • The resource that resides in the knowledge, skills,
and motivation of people.
• Human resource is the least mobile of the
four factors of production, and (under
right conditions)
• It improves with age and experience, which no
other resource can do. It is therefore regarded as
the most crucial productive resource
that creates the largest and longest long-
term advantage for an Economy.

7. People are a nation’s ultimate resource
Its people who makes natural things into useful
resources
Thus it can be summarized that when people
use their intelligence, naturally available
things turn into useful resources.
So HUMAN BEINGS are also resources.

8. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop
resources as per their requirements.
Human resource is not distributed equally all over
the world.
Humans vary in their age, educational levels and
sex.

9. The way in which people spread across the
globe is known as the PATTERNO F
PO PULATIO NDISTRIBUTIO N.
More than 90% of the world’s population lives in
about 10% of the land surface.
The distribution of population is uneven on the
globe.

10. The crowded areas of the globe are,
South and Southeast Asia

11. The crowded areas of the globe are,
Europe

12. The crowded areas of the globe are,
Northeastern North America

13. Population is less in,
High latitude(Freedom) areas
Deserts
High mountains
Equatorial forests

14. Almost ¾ of the world population lives in only
2 continents.
ASIA and AFRICA

15. World’s most populous countries are,

16.  Pakistan is world 6th
most populous country.
 With an Estimated population of 178 million at jun-
2012.
 Natural growth rate 2.05%.
 With the same growth rate Pakistan will become the
4th
largest nation in 2050

17. With the median age of around 20 years. Therefor, it is
called a “young” country.
Currently approximately 104 million below the age of 30
years.
Total working age of population is 121.01 million.
Labour force estimated 55 million as of 2010-11.
Proportion of population residing in urban centres has
risen to 36%.

18. Topography Climate
Soil Water Minerals

19. Social
Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are
closely populated.
Cultural
Places with religious and cultural significance attract people.

21. Pattern measurements
•Qualitative Aspect
–Representational inquiry
–All-inclusive, system-wide perspective
–Individuality and diversity
–Inductive intellectual
–Qualitative figures (words)
–Qualitative methods − unstructured, open-ended
–Purposeful sampling
–Growing, flexible design
–Satisfied analysis

22. Pattern measurements
•Quantitative Aspect
–Scientific/experimental design
–Independent, dependent variables
–Standardized, uniform
–Deductive reasoning
–Quantitative data (numbers)
–Quantitative methods
− structured, standardized
–Probabilistic, random sampling
–Fixed, controlled design
–Statistical analysis
–Generalizations

23. Quantitative methods –Quantitative methods –
Qualitative methodsQualitative methods
Quantitative Qualitative
Surveys
Questionnaires
Focus groups
Tests Unstructured interviews
Existing databases Unstructured observations

24. Common data collection methodsCommon data collection methods
of Qualitative and Quantitativeof Qualitative and Quantitative
AspectAspect•Survey
•Case study
•Interview
•Observation
•Group assessment
•Expert or peer reviews
•Portfolio reviews

25. •Confirmations
•Tests
•Photographs, videotapes, slides
•Diaries, journals, logs
•Document review and analysis
Common data collection methodsCommon data collection methods
of Qualitative and Quantitativeof Qualitative and Quantitative
AspectAspect

26. •There is no one right method of
collecting data.
•Each has a purpose, advantages, and
challenges.
•The goal is to obtain trustworthy,
authentic, and credible evidence.
•Often, a mix of methods is preferable.

28. Until the 1800s, the population of the world grew continuously
but slowly.
In 1820, the world’s population reached 1 Billio n
After a 150 years later, in 1970s, it touched 3 Billio n
Large no. of babies were born, but they died early because of
poor health services
So, the population increase was very less.

29. After less than 30 years, in 1999, it touched 6 Billion
This kind of sudden increase in population was a result of
better food supplies and Medicine all over the world and
reduce in infant mortality rates (IMR), IMR is also called
CDR.
This sudden increase in population in a short span of time
is called POPULAION EXPLOSION

30. Causes of Population Explosion
Illiteracy
• High Birth Rate And Low Death Rate
• Early Marriages
• Polygamy
• Unawareness About The Proper use Of
Contraceptive
• Desire For Male Child
• Misinterpretation Of Religious Ulemas
• Lack Of Recreational Activities
• Failure Of Governmental Population planning
Policies

31. • High Birth Rate:
• Polygamy: (Two-time)
Some people in Pakistan prefer to have more than one wife
and such polygamy system give birth more children.
• Preference for a Male Child:
Every family in Pakistan prefers a male child. There are
some religious rites which can be preferred by a male child.
So the parents in spite of number of girl child they wait for a
male child.

32. • Widow Marriage:
The widow marriage system in modern
society helps in the growth of population.
• World Population
China, India, United States, Pakistan and
Bangladesh are among nine countries which
are projected to account for half of the
world's population increase from 2010 to
2050.

33. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The number of live births per 1000 people is
called BIRTH RATE
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The number of deaths occur in the first year of
life for 1000 people is called DEATH RATE

35. Three factors can affect population size:
• Number of births
• The number of deaths
• The number of individuals that enter or
leave the population.
* Simply put, a population will increase or decrease in
size depending on how many individuals are added to
it or removed from it

36. Immigration & Emigration
• Immigration
– the movement of individuals into an area, is another
factor that can cause a population to grow.
• Emigration
– the movement of individuals out of an area, can cause a
population to decrease in size.

37. All the indicators have improved form the last
surve y in 1 9 9 8 .
CBR CDR
27.5% 7.3%
But now both has decreased with surve y in
20 1 1 .
CBR CDR
24.81% 6.9%

38. Population change refers to the change in number of
people during a specific time.
Population change takes place as a result of births and
deaths.

39. Natural causes of population change are BIRTHS and
DEATHS.
The difference between birth Rate and death Rate is called
NATURAL G RO WTH O F PO PULATIO N

40. • According to the economic survey of Pakistan
2010-11,
• The total population of Pakistan is 177.1 million
against the 173.5 million in last year.
• Population growth rate is 2.1 % and in the list of
most populous countries.
• Pakistan is at 6th
number.
• Pakistan is also a “young” Country. Currently
approximately 104 million Pakistanis below the age
of 30 years. Total working age population is 121.01
millions

41. If a population has abundant space and
food, and is protected from predators
and disease, then organisms in that
population will multiply and the
population size will increase.

42. Exponential growth occurs when the
individuals in a population reproduce at a
constant rate.
Under ideal conditions with
unlimited resources, a population
will grow exponentially.

43. • Skill Development Council
• Information Technology
• Skilling Programs
• Credit Facility
• Increasing Water Resources
• Employment Promotion Policies
• Labour Market Information
• New Techniques in Education
• Increase Infrastructure System
• Eliminate the short fall of Electricity, Gas, etc.

44. • Farmer should be educated
• Use the new technique for cultivation.
• Improve the usage of Seeds
• Eliminate the Capitalistic System
• More Credit Facility for Farmers
• Providing New Machinery for (Harvesting,
Fertilizing, Cutting, etc.)
• Economic increase on the bases of BOP
• Industry use the new Technology for increasing
the production of Products at lowest COST.
• Better Sanitary System

46. The rapid increase of population in Pakistan which is
already over-populated is adding sufferings to the people.
There is build unemployment or underemployment in the
agrarian economy for a greater part of the year.
The country with increasing growth of populations caught in
the low income equilibrium trap. The problem of population
explosion cannot be solved in a day.

47. The Government of Pakistan shall have to chalk out and
implement the four fold measure to fight the problem of
overpopulation
(i) Economic measures
(ii) Social measures
(iii) Family planning measures and
(iv) Administrative measures

48. The following economic measures, if adopted seriously,
offer a long term solution to the problem of overpopulation.
(a) Modernization of agriculture.
(b) Expansion of the industrial sector.
(c) Creation of employment opportunities in rural areas
(d) Fairdistribution of income.

49. (a) Modernization of agriculture:
The Modernization of agriculture through farm
mechanization, proper management of land and water
resources, improved varieties of seeds, taking plant
protection measures and use of fertilizers can increase the
agricultural productivity manifold.
The rise in the income of the farmers will raise their
standard of living and help in reducing the birth rate
indirectly

50. (b) Expansion of the industrial sector:
The government should help and encourage the people
living in rural and urban areas to set up small, medium and
large scale industries. The setting up of industrial states,
the provision of fiscal incentives etc. create conditions for
rapid industrialization in the country The engagement of
surplus labor force in industries and other gainful
employments raises their standard of living and motivates
the workers to restrict the size of the family

51. (c) Creation of employment opportunities in rural
areas:
More than 70% of the people are living in rural areas. The
government should provide credit and know how to the
dating up these and other industries will discourage the
migration of farmers from countryside to cities, provide
them employment at home, raise their income level and will
help in the reduction of birth rate indirectly

52. (d) Fair distribution of income:
If the states guarantees a minimum living wage to workers
and the fair system of land and income distribution is
ensured to them the workers will be able to live a
comfortable life. Fair distribution of income can thus help in
slowing down the rate of growth of population.

53. • Population explosion is as much a social problem as it is
an economic problem. Many of the causes of population
explosion are deep rooted in the social life of the country,
For bringing down the birth rate, the following social
measures should be undertaken.
• (i) Spread of education.
• (ii) Improving the status of women.
• (iii) Restricting early marriages

54. • The family planning programmer all over the world is
considered an effective measure in controlling population
explosion.
• The public information programmers arousing awareness
and explaining the usefulness of family planning among
people have helped in restricting the rate of growth of
population. The establishment of family planning centers,
the research ventures have played an effective role in
limiting the size of family.

55. • The Government of Pakistan being an Islamic state is
very mindful and careful in the enforcement of birth
control measures.
• It has introduced population welfare programmer under
which a number of activities such as service delivery
infrastructure, capacity building, information, education
and communication etc. are carried out to control the size
of families.

57. Human development is the study of how
people develop on physical, intellectual and
social levels. It analyses the different stages
of life to better understand how people work.

58. Hum an De ve lo pm e nt
• More Investment And Reduce
Unemployment
• Eliminate Poor Social Services
• Increase more productivity
• Less immigration in Rural to Urbanization
• Eliminate Social Evils Like (lack of control, Crime
And corruption)
• Use different method to control Pollution
Problem

59. Human development is much more important than the rise
and fall in national income of a country.
They develop environment and opportunities in which
people can use their full potential and freedom to contribute
their best share in economic growth.
For example an organization as a unit of economic activity
needs man, methods, material, machines, measurements
and money to propel itself.
The most important among all is man as the man uses
methods, materials, machines, measurements and
moneys.

60. Every citizen should be given full right to express himself, to
explore new ways, and to show his abilities to his level best
hence providing better facilities for health education;
political and cultural freedom; and security against crime
etc.
For Human Development there is a need to produce well
aware, healthy and educated mothers because the first
institution of a human being is mother.
In Pakistan the people having money just spend it on
buying commodities that satisfy basic necessities to
decorate their drawing rooms or buying latest mobile phone
sets or they buy luxury cars, beds and flat screen TV’s to
make their dumb and dull lives comfortable

61. They spend money on walls and marbles but not on
human development.
There is a very few amount of flying clubs, public parks;
skating clubs, there is no concept to experience deep sea
diving a handful of people go for hiking.

62.  Health
 Education
 Income
 Inequality
 Poverty
 Gender
 Sustainability
 Demography
 Composite indices (non-income)
 Innovation and technology
 Trade, economy and income

63. Year Pakistan Low human
development
South Asia World
2012 0.515 0.466 0.558 0.694
2011 0.513 0.464 0.555 0.692
Human Development Index
Pakistan in 146 Ranking