11. Myths About Antibiotics… Myth #8: Drug Resistant Bacteria Antibiotics are Effective Against Chronic Infections
12. Myths About Antibiotics… Myth #9: Prolonged Antibiotics Kill Resistant Infections Prolonged Antibiotics are Necessary to Prevent Rebound Infections (Remove the Cause) What Works for One Specialty Should not be Extrapolated to Another (2-7 Day Infections) Infections Require a Complete Course
17. What About inEgypt??? 3rd World Countries are a Major Source of Resistant Infections
18. Some Reasons Why Antibiotic Therapy Fails… Inappropriate Choice of Antibiotics Too Low Blood Concentration (Improper Dosing) Poor Penetration (Abscess) Limited Vascularity & High Acidity in the Affected Area
19. Some Reasons Why Antibiotic Therapy Fails… Antibiotic Antagonism (Multiple Antibiotics) Resistant Organisms Failure to Take Antibiotics (Patients Fault) Failure to Eradicate Infection
20. The Bacterial Mix… Initially Pulpal Infections are Mixed in Nature After Oxygen Depletion Facultative & Anaerobic Bacteria Predominate
21. When to Use Antibiotics??? When there is a Reasonable Chance that the Infection may Spread Beyond the Periapex
24. Cephalosporins Similar to Penicillins in Chemical Structure Also Incorporates Beta-Lactam in Structure Bactericidal Wide Spectrum 1st , 2nd, 3rd,4th & 5th Generations
25. Considerations When Using Pennicilin & Cephalosporins Severe Allergic Reactions are Rare with these Groups If you are Allergic to One then you Could be Allergic to the Other
26. Considerations When Using Pennicilin & Cephalosporins Ressistance to this Group May Happen Beta-Lactamase Enzyme Neutralizes them Some Antibiotics Incorporate Clauvanic Acid which Makes it Resistant to the Enzyme
27. Metronidazole Bactericidal Mainly Affects Only Anearobic Bacteria Used in Combination with Other Antibiotics like (Augmentin) Causes Stomach Upset Darkened Urine
28. Macrolides (Erythromycin) Bacteriostatic Kills Same Range of Bacteria Like Penicillin Drug of Choice with Penicillin Allergy Has Serious Drug Interactions with Certain Antihistaminic & Bronchodialators
29. Clindamycin Bacteriostatic Wide Spectrum of Action Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis Over Growth of Clostridium difficile Penetrates well into Abscesses
30. Tetracycline (Doxycycline) Bacteriostatic Kills the Broadest Spectrum of Bacteria Excellent for Endo-Perio Lesions Not to be Given to Children, Pregnant or Lactating Women May Causes Photosensitivity
31. Antibiotic Prophylaxis The Purpose To Prevent Clinical Infection by Helping Destroy Small Numbers of Bacteria Present Before or Introduced During Treatment
32. Viridans Streptococcus Alpha Hemolytic Stores Energy by Forming Intra & Extra Cellular Polysaccharides(Sticky Vegetation) Colonies Form and Trap Fibrin & Blood Cells
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34. When to Use Prophylaxis??? Lets Look at the Handouts!!
35. Review Myths Surrounding Antibiotics Some Stastics Around the Abuse of Antibiotics Nosocomial Infections Bactericidal vsBacteriostatic The Different Types of Antibiotics When to use Antibiotic Prophylaxis