People Tagging & Ontology Maturing: TowardsCollaborative Competence Management

Simone Braun Andreas Schmidt People Tagging & Ontology Maturing: Towards Collaborative Competence Management FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Dept. Information Process Engineering Karlsruhe, GERMANY {braun|aschmidt}@fzi.de http://www.fzi.de/ipe

Agenda  Motivation • Competency-orientation & competence management • Current situation & problems  Collaborative Competence Management • Ontology Maturing Process for evolving competence catalogs • Tool support  Conclusions & Outlook MATURE - Continuous Social Learning in Knowledge Networks 2

Competency-Orientation  Competence Management • aligning human resource development with corporate goals • identify, secure and make use of employee competencies • organizational perspective  Competencies as abstractions of work-relevant human behavior are a promising concept • for making skills, knowledge, and abilities manageable and addressable • for dealing with human potential and performance and their development • for enabling holistic approaches FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 3

Competency-Orientation  Knowledge management • Knowledge, skills and abilities are broader than the notion of „knowledge“  work-relevant competency to act  Training • Competencies allow for operationalizing learning goals and outcomes  Competence Management • Individual competencies can be aggregated into organizational competencies FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 4

Current Situation: Competence Management  Traditionally top-down instruments  Usually based on a somehow hierarchic structured catalog • With well-defined semantics  competence ontology • For defining requirement and individual competency profiles  Building of catalog usually one-time activity by a small group of experts  Outdated catalogs  No continuous improvement  Often used only for a part of the company and for a single purpose  Separated from individual employee level (competency profiles) MATURE - Continuous Social Learning in Knowledge Networks 5

Current Situation: Competency Profiles a) External assessment by superiors or formal assessment procedures • expensive & cumbersome b) Self-assessment by employees describing their competencies themselves • often missing motivation, no immediate benefit • downplaying or exaggeration of competencies • recent or very specialized topics not contained FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 6

Current Situation: Competency Profiles  People Tagging as recent approach • Transferring the principle of social tagging/bookmarking to people; e.g. IBM Fringe Contacts  employees describe colleagues by tagging with key words  publicly visible tag cloud characterizes individual employee FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 7

Current Situation: Competency Profiles  People Tagging as recent approach • Transferring the principle of social tagging/bookmarking to people; e.g. IBM Fringe Contacts  employees describe colleagues by tagging with key words  publicly visible tag cloud characterizes individual employee  However.. • no legitimation and commitment by the organization, especially wrt. to the vocabulary • no support to leverage bottom-up topics to organizational competences vocabulary FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 8

Collaborative Competence Management  Combine Web 2.0-style bottom-up processes with organizational top-down processes • Competence management without an agreed vocabulary (or ontology) not possible • Making the process of catalog evolving more collaborative and embedded in its usage • Allow every employee to participate and contribute with low usage barriers; i.e. by tagging colleagues • Take up and guide these bottom-up developments towards organizational goals • Likewise, gaining competency profiles not out of self- descriptions but collective judgment of others FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 9

Requirements and Key Issues  Bottom-up collection of opinions about individual competencies • empower employees to state their opinion on who has which competency in an easy and task-embedded way  Freedom to evolve competence vocabulary • enable employees to modify the used vocabulary  allows detecting new trends  Shared vocabulary for comparability • competencies as integrating factor in the enterprise have to be shared by the whole organization  Legitimation and commitment by the organization • organization must decide to which extent it relies on and binds to collective results FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 10

Ontology Maturing Process for Evolving Competence Catalogs  Approaching the problem as collaborative ontology construction problem  Ontology as • Formal shared conceptualization for a domain of interest • A “good ontology” balances the aspects: o Representation of social agreement (“well-defined”, “common understanding”) o Formalization for enabling automating processes (“machine- readable”) o Appropriateness for domain and purpose (“useful”) FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 11

Ontology Maturing Process for Evolving Competence Catalogs  Employees annotate each other with any topic tag  new topic ideas emerge FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 12

Ontology Maturing Process for Evolving Competence Catalogs  A common topic terminology evolves through the collaborative (re-)usage of the topic tags FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 13

Ontology Maturing Process for Evolving Competence Catalogs  special community members begin to organize the topic terminology into competencies by introducing relations between the topic tags FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 14

Ontology Maturing Process for Evolving Competence Catalogs  Modeling experts add axioms for exploiting relationships for reasoning; especially precise composition relationships FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 15

Formality Levels & Use Cases Coexistence of different formality levels :  Topic tags • as weak notions • sufficient for basic search and retrieval functionality  Competency types • abstract, without differentiation; e.g Java Programming • well-defined competency notion and taxonomic relationships o e.g. OO-Programming <broader> Java Programming • for basic profile matching (different abstraction levels) • for competency gap analysis (by exact matching) FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 16

Formality Levels & Use Cases  Competencies • with levels as instance of a competence type o e.g. Java Programming Beginner/Intermediate/Expert • for more sophisticated profile matching o e.g. different degrees of fulfillment • for basic description of learning opportunities objectives  Competency relationships • precise generalization, composition relationships for subsumtion o Java Programming <is-a> OO-Programming o {Java Pr. Expert, AJAX Beginner} <is-part-of> GWT Pr. Intermediate • for more sophisticated competency gap analysis • for competency-based selection of learning opportunities FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 17

Tool Support with SOBOLEO  SOBOLEO is • a semantic social bookmarking application • combined with task-embedded competence ontology development functionality  Course • Users encounter a colleague’s web page • Tagging with concepts from the competence ontology or arbitrary topic tags • Gathering arbitrary topic tags as “prototypical concepts” for later consolidation and placement • Or immediate switch to the ontology editor o e.g. for adding synonyms or structuring with broader/narrower/ related relations FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 18

Tool Support with SOBOLEO  SOBOLEO is • a semantic social bookmarking application • combined with task-embedded competence ontology development functionality  Course • Users encounter a colleague’s web page • Tagging with concepts from the competence ontology or arbitrary topic tags • Gathering arbitrary topic tags as “prototypical concepts” for later consolidation and placement • Or immediate switch to the ontology editor for adapting the ontology, e.g. adding synonym or structuring with broader/narrower/related relations FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 21

Conclusions & Outlook  Collaborative competence management provides a solution to overcome the hitherto strictly top-down competence management approaches • covering less formalized topic tags and structures • guarantee flexibility, usefulness, and timeliness  Current & next activities: • evaluations how users deal with higher complexity within the projects Im Wissensnetz and FP7-IP MATURE • visualization and exploitation of recent/specific topics as trends from an organizational perspective • Investigation of environmental constraints (organizational, cultural, social) FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 22

Thank you! FP7 IP MATURE - http://mature-ip.eu Simone Braun FZI Research Center for Information Technolgies Simone.Braun@fzi.de http://fzi.de/ipe FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 23

Different Levels of Formality FZI Research Center for Information Technologies Karlsruhe, Germany | Information Process Engineering | www.fzi.de/ipe 24

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People Tagging & Ontology Maturing: TowardsCollaborative Competence Management

by Andreas Schmidt

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