Learning Disability is now getting more and more attention of the psychologists and other mental health professionals. Special educators, neurologists and psychiatrists are also greatly concerned about this subject. These slides shows some important names to be familiarised in this regard.

1. Learning
Disability
Babu Appat

2. Some
Names
to remember

3. Adolph Kussmaul,

4. Despite only a fairly recent move to
prominence the understanding of
dyslexia began in the late 19th
century.

5. Societal interest in people with
reading difficulties probably began in
1878 with Adolph Kussmaul, a
German neurologist.

6. He had a special interest in adults
with reading problems who also had
neurological impairment

7. He noticed that several of his
patients could not read properly and
regularly used words in the wrong
order.

8. He introduced the term ‘word
blindness’ to describe their
difficulties.

9. Sir Rudolf Berlin
(Rudolf August Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Berlin)

10. Rudolf Berlin was born to August
Berlin (1803–1880), a physician,
and his wife Amalie (née Runge,
1808–1884) in Friedland
(Mecklenburg)

11. His grandfather, George Ludwig
Berlin (1772–1823), had been a
mayor of that city
http://ldinchildren.webs.com/

12. Rudolf Berlin attended
the Gymnasium in his native city
and took his Abitur on September
29, 1853

13. He then studied medicine
in Göttingen, Würzburg,
and Erlangen,
and ophthalmology under Albrecht
von Graefe at the Charité in Berlin

14. Rudolf Berlin after completing his
studies he became an assistant
to Alexander Pagenstecher
in Wiesbaden and at the surgical
clinic in Tübingen
http://ldinchildren.webs.com/

15. In 1861 he set up an eye clinic
in Stuttgart
http://ldinchildren.webs.com/

16. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02653841#page-1

17. James Hinshelwood
A Glaswegian eye doctor reported in
1895 about a 58 year old teacher
suddenly losing his ability to read,
presumably as a result of a
cerebrovascular accident

18. Pringle Morgan
and his 14 year old boy patient
Percy with good intellectual
abilities and verbal intelligence
but with poor reading ability

19. The first case of developmental
dyslexia was reported by Pringle-
Morgan in the British Medical
Journal on 7 November 1896

20. Morton Pringle Morgan (1896)
theorized that word blindness was
caused by a problem in the
left angular gyrus
(British Medical Journal, 1896 November 7 issue)
http://ldinchildren.webs.com/

21. Dr. James Kerr
Another School Doctor, James Kerr
also reported about congenital
word blindness as early as 1895.

22. Samuel A Kirk

23. Samuel Alexander Kirk, one of the
most influential figures in the
history of special education, was
born in Rugby, ND, in 1904,

24. He began his career in 1929 with
children with disabilities through
employment at the Oaks School in
Chicago, working with boys who were
delinquent and had mental retardation.

25. During this time, he recalled, "I
arranged to tutor [a] boy at nine
o'clock in the evening, after the boys
were supposed to be asleep

26. This boy, who was eager to learn,
sneaked quietly out of bed at the
appointed time each night and met me
in a small space between the two
dormitory rooms and, actually, in the
doorway of the boy's toilet...

27. I often state that my first experience in
tutoring a case of reading disability was
not in a school, was not in a clinic, was
not in an experimental laboratory, but in
a boy's lavatory"

28. Later Kirk devoted considerable
effort to developing a means of
measuring specific aspects of
linguistic, perceptual, and memory
abilities in young children

29. The "Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic
Abilities (ITPA)" appeared in an
experimental version in 1961 and
was revised and published in 1968

30. Throughout his career, Kirk contributed
regularly to the academic literature. In
addition to the volumes already noted,
he also published other books on
mental retardation, reading, and
learning disabilities

31. Certainly one of the most influential
of these was an introductory text in
special education, "Educating
Exceptional Children" (1962)

32. In addition to his scholarly work on
mental retardation, Kirk is widely known
for his contributions to the
development of the field of learning
disabilities--often he is said to have
coined the term, "learning disabilities"

33. Alfred Binet

34. Alfred Binet was a French Psychologist.
He invented the first practical
intelligent test. It’s known as the
Binet-Simon Scale
1857 -1911

35. His principal goal was to identify
students who needed special help in
coping with the school curriculum.
1857 -1911

36. Along with his collaborator
Theodore Simon, Binet published
revisions of his intelligence scale in
1908 and in 1911, just before his death
1857 -1911

37. He’s an introvert and loner and choose
the profession of a psychologist and
mostly a self-educated psychologist
1857 -1911

38. In 1899, Binet was asked to be a
member of the Free Society for the
Psychological Study of the Child
1857 -1911

39. In 1899, Binet was asked to be a
member of the Free Society for the
Psychological Study of the Child
1857 -1911

40. Théodore Simon

41. Théodore Simon was born on 10 July 1872
in Dijoun, France, During much of his early
life, he was fascinated by the life and
works of psychologist Alfred Binet

42. In 1899, he became an
intern at the asylum in
Perray-Vaucluse where he
began his famous work on
abnormal children

43. This drew Binet's attention,
who was at the time studying
the correlation between
physical growth and
intellectual development

44. Binet came to the asylum and
continued his work there with
Simon. This research led to
Simon's medical thesis on the
topic in 1900.

45. 1905 is the year during which
Simon and Binet made public
their famous Binet-Simon
Intelligence Scale

46. John Stuart Mill

47. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873)
was a British philosopher, political
economist and civil servant

48. He was an influential contributor to social
theory, political theory and political
economy. He has been called "the most
influential English-speaking philosopher
of the nineteenth century"

49. Mill's conception of liberty justified the
freedom of the individual in opposition
to unlimited state control.

50. Jean-Martin Charcot

51. Jean-Martin Charcot (29 November
1825 – 16 August 1893) was a
French neurologist and
professor of anatomical
pathology.

52. He is known as "the founder of
modern neurology", and his name
has been associated with at least
15 medical eponyms,
including Charcot-Marie-Tooth
disease and Charcot disease

53. He was the "foremost
neurologist of late nineteenth-
century France“ and has been
called "the Napoleon of
the neuroses"

54. His work greatly influenced the
developing fields of neurology
and psychology; modern psychiatry
owes much to the work of Charcot

55. There are many more
We’ll talk about them later
send suggestions to
babuappat@gmail.com

56. T H A N K
Y O U