Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java Aleksander Pohl Katedra Informatyki, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza 2. luty 2009 Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Agenda Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena What is the Semantic Web? The Semantic Web is an: ... extension of current web in which ◮ ... information is given well deﬁned meaning ◮ ... better enabling people and computers to work in ◮ cooperations. The Semantic Web, Tim Barners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassil Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Motivation providing information about Web resources and the ◮ systems that use them allowing data to be processed outside the particular ◮ environment in which it was created combining data from several applications to arrive at new ◮ information Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Core Semantic Web technologies RDF – Resource Description Framework ◮ RDFS – RDF Schema (vocabulary) ◮ OWL – Web Ontology Language ◮ SPARQL – Query Language for RDF ◮ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDF – Resource Description Framework based on XML and URIs ◮ directed, labeled graph format for representing ◮ information in the web formal semantics allows well founded deductions in RDF ◮ data extensible vocabulary ◮ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDF – graph data model any expression in RDF is a collection of triples ◮ every triple consists of a subject, a predicate and an object ◮ the arc direction is signiﬁcant – it always points toward the ◮ object assertion of an RDF triple says that some relationship, ◮ indicated by the predicate, holds between the things denoted by subject and object of the triple meaning of an RDF graph is the conjunction (logical AND) ◮ of the statements corresponding to all the triples it contains Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDF – subject, predicate & object nodes of an RDF graph are its subjects and objects ◮ a node may be: ◮ URI with optional fragment identiﬁer, eg. ◮ http://www.example.org/stafﬁd/1234#xyz literal, eg. quot;Georgequot; ◮ blank ◮ the subject of a triple might be only URI reference or ◮ a blank node the predicate of the triple must be URI reference ◮ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDF – example <rdf:Description rdf:about=quot;http://www.ivan-herman.netquot;> <foaf:name>Ivan</foaf:name> <abc:myCalendar rdf:resource=quot;http://.../myCalendarquot;/> <foaf:surname>Herman</foaf:surname> </rdf:Description> Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDFS – RDF Vocabulary Description Language RDF itself provides no means for defining ◮ application-specific classes and properties They are described in RDFS – RDF Vocabulary ◮ Description Language (aka RDF Schema) RDF Schema provides a type system for RDF, similar to ◮ type systems in programming languages: allows resources to be defined as instances of one or more ◮ classes allows classes to be organized in a hierarchical fashion ◮ URIref prefix ◮ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#, conventionally associated with the QName prefix rdfs: Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDFS – basic notions (1) Classes are described using the RDFS resources: ◮ rdfs:Class ◮ rdfs:Resource ◮ and the properties: ◮ rdf:type ◮ rdfs:subClassOf ◮ Example: ◮ ex:MotorVehicle rdf:type rdfs:Class. ◮ Java: class MotorVehicle {· · · } exthings:myCar rdf:type ex:MotorVehicle. ◮ Java: myCar = new MotorVehicle(); ex:Van rdfs:subClassOf ex:MotorVehicle. ◮ Java: class Van extends MotorVehicle {· · · } Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena OWL – Web Ontology Language Intended to be used when the information needs to be ◮ processed by applications (not merely presented to humans) Provides additional vocabulary along with a formal ◮ semantics Sublanguages: ◮ Lite – classiﬁcation hierarchy and simple constraints ◮ (extension of restricted RDF) DL (Description Logic) – maximum expressiveness while ◮ retaining computational completeness (extension of restricted RDF) Full – maximum expressiveness and the syntactic freedom ◮ of RDF with no computational guarantees (real extension of RDF) Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena OWL Lite additions (In)Equality: equivalentClass, ◮ equivalentProperty, sameAs, differentFrom, ... Property characteristics: inverseOf, ◮ TransitiveProperty, SymmetricProperty, ... Restricted Cardinality: minCardinality, ◮ maxCardinality, cardinality Annotation Properties: rdfs:label, rdfs:comment, ◮ rdfs:seeAlso, rdfs:isDefinedBy, AnnotationProperty, OntologyProperty Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Semantic Web – ontologies overview Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena SPARQL – overview SPARQL is a query language for RDF ◮ It is similar to SQL in terms of purpose and syntax, but ◮ different in terms of application (relational data vs. graph based data) Human-friendly syntax ◮ Data integration and aggregation – multiple sources ◮ supported by default Allows to make yes/no questions ◮ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena SPARQL Example Data: ◮ <http://example.org/book/book1> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> ”SPARQL Tutorial” . Query: ◮ SELECT ?title WHERE { <http://example.org/book/book1> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> ?title . } Result: ◮ title ”SPARQL Tutorial” Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Jena2 – overview Developed by HP Laboratories ◮ Open-source Java implementation of core Semantic Web ◮ technologies: RDF graph manipulation API ◮ RDFS and OWL reasoning API ◮ Includes the de facto reference RDF/XML parser ◮ RDF/XML, N3 and N-triple Input/Output ◮ SPQRQL query engine ◮ rule-based inference engine ◮ In-memory or persistent storage ◮ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena RDF API example // some definitions 1 static String personURI = quot;http://somewhere/JohnSmithquot;; 2 static String fullName = quot;John Smithquot;; 3 4 // create an empty Model 5 Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel(); 6 7 // create the resource 8 Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI); 9 10 // add the property 11 johnSmith.addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName); 12 Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena SPARQL API example Model model = ... ; 1 String queryString = quot; .... quot; ; 2 Query query = QueryFactory.create(queryString) ; 3 QueryExecution qexec = QueryExecutionFactory.create(query, model) ; 4 try { 5 ResultSet results = qexec.execSelect() ; 6 for ( ; results.hasNext() ; ) 7 { 8 QuerySolution soln = results.nextSolution() ; 9 // Get a result variable by name. 10 RDFNode x = soln.get(quot;varNamequot;) ; 11 // Get a result variable - must be a resource 12 Resource r = soln.getResource(quot;VarRquot;) ; 13 // Get a result variable - must be a literal 14 Literal l = soln.getLiteral(quot;VarLquot;) ; 15 } 16 } finally { qexec.close() ; } 17 Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Jena comparison Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Bibliography (1) Brickley, Dan; Guha, Ramanathan (2004). RDF Vocabulary ◮ Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ Carroll, Jeremy J.; Dickinson, Ian; Dollin, Chris; Reynolds, ◮ Dave; Seaborne, Andy; Wilkinson, Kevin (2003). Jena: Implementing the Semantic Web Recommendations, HP Laboratories, Bristol, technical report HPL-2003-146. Herman, Ivan Questions (and Answers) on the semantic ◮ Web, http://www.w3.org/People/Ivan/- CorePresentations/SW_QA Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Introduction Semantic Web technologies Jena Bibliography (2) Klyne, Graham; Carroll, Jeremy J. (2004). Resource ◮ Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/ McBride, Brian (2002), The Semantic Web, HP ◮ Laboratories, Bristol, Euroweb 2002 invited talk. McGuinness, Deborah; van Harmelen, Frank (2004). OWL ◮ Web Ontology Language Overview, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ Aleksander Pohl KI AGH Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java

by Aleksander Pohl on Feb 28, 2009

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Jena – A Semantic Web Framework for Java — Presentation Transcript