#1 ch 24 new

Chapter 24 The Baroque 1600-1750 Info Card # 1
Europe: political restructuring
30 years war 1618-48
All of Europe & Ottomans
Secularization of Government
Friction between Catholic and Protestant
Treaty of Westphalia1648: Freedom of Religion
Divine Right of Kings replaces Pope
Consolidation of power
Advanced military needs more bureaucracy

Economic Competition World Wide Market Info Card # 1
New Prosperity and Imperialism
Trade
coffee, tea, sugar
Slave labor
sugar, tobacco and rice

Baroque Period: Scientific Revolution 1600-1750 Info card # 2
Exploration of the Universe Intellectual and Rational approach(skepticism)
Galileo, Descartes, Hobbes-Heliocentrism
Astronomy, anatomy, Physics -Isaac Newton

Italian Baroque Info card # 4
Visual Art
Stimulated by Counter Reformation
Major Patron?
Papal Rome: the cradle of Baroque art
Propaganda
Restore position of Catholicism
There is no such thing as excess
Strong regional differences in baroque style
Emphasis on light and drama

Early Italian Baroque Carlo Maderno, Santa Susanna, Rome, 1597-1603 left
Borrowing from?
Il Gesu ( Rome 1575: Della Porta )
Why?

Carlo Maderno Façade of St. Peters, Vatican City Rome 1606-1612 Art Card #5
Rejection of Central plan (pagan) now longitudinal
Addition of 3 nave bays
Pushed dome back from new façade

Michelangelo’s vision vs. Carlo Maderno 1606-12 Bramante 1505,

Gianlorenzo Bernini 1598-1680
Architect, painter sculptor
One of the most important Baroque artists
Designed the Piazza for St. Peters
Self Portrait, Bernini

Bernini, Piazza St. Peters 1656-16-67 Art Card #6
Emphasized height of a long, low building
Trapezoid with oval Wings: brings building closer to viewer
Christ as realized in the welcoming arms of the church

Bernini, Aerial view, Piazza St. Peters

Interior St. Peters

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, Saint Peter's, Vatican City, Rome, 1624–1633. Gilded bronze, approx. 100‘ high . Art Card #7
Baldacchino(silk from Bagdad) canopy
Marks the tomb of St. Peter
Orb and Cross: symbol of churches triumph over pagan
( Constantine’s symbols)
Created a focal point over the crossing
Bees: symbols of Barberini family(Pope Urban VIII)

Bernini, Scala Regia Vatican City Rome 1663-66 Connects papal quarters with Narthex of St. Peters Stairway to heaven Rationality: use of architectural perspective

Gianlorenzo Bernini, David, 1623. Marble, approx. 5' 7" high. Galleria Borghese, Art Card #8
Dynamic quality
Action demands space around it
Ferocious expression

Classical 5 th C. BCE vs. Hellenistic 3 rd C. BCE

Gianlorenzo Bernini, interior of the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645–1652..
How is it Baroque?

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Theresa , 1645-52 Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Marble, height of group 11' 6". Art Card #9
Theatrical and sensory
Saint in ecstasy
Physical and spiritual passion
Light: radiance of heaven
Drama to increase devotion and piety

Francesco Borromini, façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome 1665-1676 Art Card #10
Baroque characteristics?
Undulating motion
Convex and concave
Oval
Sculptural
Not segmented like renaissance

Borromini, Sant’Ivo della sapienza, interior of dome 1642
Renaissance dome : separate unit placed on a supporting block
Baroque: organic part that evolves out of the walls
Complicated design translated into a unified structure

Guarini, Guarino Palazzo Carignano 1679-92 West facade
Name three characteristics that would identify this as a Baroque building.
Renaissance Characteristics?
Focal Point?

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE 17 TH CENTURY ITALY Info card # 3
Dynamic and emotional,
Sculptural, undulating forms
Use of the oval, convex and concave
Large scale
Theatrical effects of lighting and motion
Renaissance segmented; Baroque flowing

This is Bernini’s Fountain of Four Rivers in Rome. What stylistic qualities of Bernini’s work can be found in this fountain?

There is a theatrical sense of excitement and drama
Sculpture is integrated into the architectural setting
Multisensory
Figures are caught in the middle of doing something
Different textures are used to identify the quality of the stone and the smoothness of flesh

Campidoglio, 1537 Michelangelo, Patron Pope Paul III
Problem: Two original buildings formed an 80 degree angle
Solution:
Model a the design after the human body
Add a third building
Central axis w/ focal point
Trapezoid and oval
Balance and symmetry

Italian Baroque Painting
Tenebrism
Michelangelo Merisi “ Caravaggio” 1573-1610
Artemesia Gentileschi (1593-1653)
Classical but Baroque Period
Annibale Carracci (1560-1609

Baroque Painting Dramatic LIGHT (tenebrism)

Caravaggio 1573-1610
Distain for classical masters
Troubled life
Portrayed religion & the classics in dingy settings
Realistic style
Interest in still life
Self portrait as Bacchus

CARVAGGIO, Conversion of Saint Paul, Cerasi Chapel, Saint Maria del Popolo, Rome, Italy ca. 1601
Revolutionary?
What is happening?
Stable accident or miracle?
Pictorial devices?
Close to viewer
Perspective
chiaroscuro
Theatricality?
Use of light
Plebian figures
Tenebrism: shadowy manner

Caravaggio’s Style
Style:naturalism and drama
One light source
tenebrism: shadowy light
Plebian figures unidealized

CARVAGGIO , Calling of Saint Mathhew, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy, ca 1597-1601 Art Card #11
Caravaggista?
Christ?
Setting?
Figures?
Diffusion from Michelangelo?

Caravaggio, Entombment, Chapel of Pietro Vittrice, Rome 1603 Oil on canvas Art Card #12
What elements of Caravaggio’s style are evident here?
Dramatic Light
Close to viewer
Plebian Figures
Perspective of viewer?
Emotional power
Counter-reformation
transubstantiation

Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin, 1605-6
Rejected by the patron because of the shocking display of the virgins dead body

Bacchus-homoerotic Beheading of John the Baptist

Supper at Emmaus Christ has risen from the dead Caravaggio a master of foreshortening and still life

Artemesia Gentileschi 1593-1653 “ The quintessential female painter of the Baroque era”
“Caravaggista”
Her successful career helped to disseminate Caravaggio’s style to Florence, Venice, Naples and Rome.
Self Portrait 1630 A tribute to her father- An interlocking gold chain (skills travel from father to daughter) The mask of the painter

Sofonisba Anguissola

ARTEMISA GENTILESCHI, Judith Slaying Holofernes , ca 1614-1620 Art Card #13
Heroic female
Tenebrism
Dramatic moment

Judith Slaying Holofernes The Escape

Identify each artist. Discuss the uses and effects of light in each work. How is drama achieved?

Annibale Carracci 1560 1609 Italian Baroque Painter
Studied and copied Renaissance masters
First known Academy of Art-Bologna-Carracci cooperative
Classical and renaissance traditions
Life drawing
anatomy

Annibale Carracci, Flight into Egypt, 1603-1604 AC Art Card #14
Baroque?
Mary with Christ and Saint Joseph-
Classical? Grand Theme
The ideal landscape (Venetian Arcadian)
Classical Architecture
Even lighting
Calm
Divine law and human reason

Baroque Ceiling Painting
Integration of painting sculpture, architecture
Surround the audience
All of the senses are engulfed

Baroque Ceiling painting Info Cd. #3
Di sotto in su: illusionistic architectural painting aimed at extending real architecture into imaginary space
Quadro Riportado: a ceiling painting in which scenes resemble framed figures transferred to a curved ceiling.

Ceiling painting
Mantegna, Room of the Newlyweds, Early Renaissance
Location: Palace
Style?
Di sotto in su: extend architecture on up

Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel High Renaissance
Quadro riportado: framed paintings on the ceiling

Veronese Triumph of Venice, Doges Palace , 1585
Di sotto in su
Throne room

Carraccci, Loves of the Gods , Ceiling frescoes in the gallery, Pallazzo Farnese, Rome 1597-1601 Art card #15
Quadro Riportado : Transferred framed painting
Trend of Illusionism
Polychrome seated nude youths gazing on scene
Classical theme

Carracci: Triumph of Bacchus Pallazzo Farnese Crown of Vault: Mix of Raphael and Titian

Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of St. Ignatius, Nave of Sant’Ignazio Rome 1691 AC #16
Di sotto in su: illusion of architecture continued
Fusion of architecture, sculpture, music and painting
Drama: Heavens open above your head
St. Ignatius carried by Jesus

Il Gesu, 1575, Seat of Saint Ignatius order, Rome

Nave of Il Gesu: Dedicated to St. Ignatius Loyola
Quintessential Baroque: fusion of architecture, sculpture, painting and music

FRANCISCO BOROMINI, Chapel of Saint Ivo, College of the Sapienza 1642
Upper level only
Convex and concave
Dome rises from the base

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by Abraham Lincoln High School on Mar 05, 2011

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