1. Walter B. Cannon 1871-1945 ■ Neurólogo y fisiólogo ■ Responsable de los terminos: Homeostasis Fight or flight ■ Elucido el rol del sistema autonómico en respuesta a estímulos externos. ■ Experimentos en animales Removió el Sistema Simpático Temperatura Stress Ejercicio extenuante ■ Supervivencia a largo plazo

3. Sistema Nervioso Somatico vs Sistema Nervioso Autonomico

4. Upper motor neurons in primary motor cortex Somatic motor nuclei of brain stem BRAIN Skeletal muscle Lower motor neurons Skeletal muscle SPINAL CORD Somatic motor nuclei of spinal cord Somatic nervous system

5. Visceral motor nuclei in hypothalamus Preganglionic neuron BRAIN Autonomic nuclei in brain stem Autonomic nuclei in spinal cord SPINAL CORD Preganglionic neuron Smooth muscle Glands Cardiac muscle Ganglionic neurons Autonomic ganglia Adipocytes Autonomic nervous system

11. Tercera Division: Sistema Enterico Igual de complejo que el SNC con cantidad similar de neuronas al cordon espinal

12. Sistema Simpático Figure 16.3 KEY Preganglionic fibers Postganglionic fibers Hormones released into circulation Innervation by post-ganglionic fibers Visceral effectors in thoracic cavity, head, body wall, and limbs Visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity Organs and systems throughout body Through release of hormones into the circulation Suprarenal medullae (paired) Collateral ganglia (unpaired) Sympathetic chain ganglia (paired) Lateral gray horns of spinal segments T 1 – L 2

13. Las neuronas ganglionares del sistema simpático están localizadas en tres sitios diferentes

14. Spinal nerve Autonomic ganglion of left sympathetic chain Sympathetic nerve (postganglionic fibers) Preganglionic neuron Autonomic ganglion of right sympathetic chain White ramus Gray ramus Innervates visceral organs in thoracic cavity via sympathetic nerves Innervates visceral effectors via spinal nerves KEY Preganglionic neurons Ganglionic neurons Ganglionic neuron Ganglios de la cadena simpatica

19. Postganglionic fibers White ramus Lateral gray horn Collateral ganglion Splanchnic nerve (preganglionic fibers) Innervates visceral organs in abdominopelvic cavity Ganglio Prevertebral o Colateral

22. Secretes neurotransmitters into general circulation Suprarenal medullae Endocrine cells (specialized ganglionic neurons) Preganglionic fibers Medula suprarenal = medula adrenal

24. La medula de la glándula suprarrenal (glándula adrenal) es un ganglio simpático modificado Concepto: Células Neuroendocrinas Secretan: Epinefrina (80%) y Norepinefrina (20%)

25. Ganglio simpático Modificado Célula ganglionicas tienen fibras bien cortas. Liberan neurotransmisor al torrente sanguíneo Efecto simpático a estructuras no directamente inervadas por el sist. simpático

26. Ganglionic neurons Preganglionic neurons Spinal cord Sympathetic chain ganglia Coccygeal ganglia (Co 1 ) fussed together (ganglion impar) Uterus Ovary Penis Sacral splanchnic nerves Scrotum Urinary bladder Large intestine Small intestine Kidney Suprarenal medulla Pancreas Spleen Stomach Liver and gallbladder Lung Heart Salivary glands Eye PONS Superior Inferior Middle Cervical sympathetic ganglia Gray rami to spinal nerves Postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves (innervating skin, blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, adipose tissue) Sympathetic nerves Celiac ganglion Greater splanchnic nerve Cardiac and pulmonary plexuses Superior mesenteric ganglion Lesser splanchnic nerve Lumbar splanchnic nerves Inferior mesenteric ganglion

28. Ganglionic neurons Preganglionic neurons Spinal cord Sympathetic chain ganglia Coccygeal ganglia (Co 1 ) fussed together (ganglion impar) Uterus Ovary Penis Sacral splanchnic nerves Scrotum Urinary bladder Large intestine Small intestine Kidney Suprarenal medulla Pancreas Spleen Stomach Liver and gallbladder Postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves (innervating skin, blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, adipose tissue) Celiac ganglion Greater splanchnic nerve Superior mesenteric ganglion Lesser splanchnic nerve Lumbar splanchnic nerves Inferior mesenteric ganglion

32. Neurotransmisores

35. ACh Gl ándulas sudoríparas de la piel, Vasos sanguíneos, m. esqueletico y cerebro. pregangli ónica postgangli ónica ACh + NE Mayor ía Simp ático Neurotransmisores Receptores Nicotinicos Neurona Colinergica Neurona Adrenergica Receptores Muscarinicos (+/-) ACh + Receptores Nicotinicos

36. Varicosidades - Note la distribución en el tejido - Los receptores se encuentran esparcidos en las membranas post sinapticas COMT MAO Efecto: segundos