Recent News
Apple bans Flash from iPhone
Developers demand to know why
“Because I said so” says Steve Jobs.
In the Beginning...
Prodigy
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
HTML is born
HyperText Markup Language by Tim Berners-
Lee in 1989
Tim Berne
rs-Lee
Intended to deliver the features
of ENQUIRE, a private hyperlinked
DB as an open, distributed
application that could work across
the Internet
1989 1990 1995 2000 2005
SGML
HTML was based on SGML, a markup
invented by IBM in the early 60s
Used to facilitate the transfer of files
between different systems
A way for governments, industry and
the military to structure complex
documents in a way that was
unambiguous and could be accessed and
modified by automated systems.
Used to annotate presentational
features, procedural features, or
descriptive features
Standardization
In 1993, submitted to the
International Engineering Task Force
1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
Mosaic See? I did invent it!
IETF required an implementation
Lee references Mosaic in the spec
Developed at the American NCSA,
which had been funded by
congressman Al Gore
Part of an effort to promote the
development communications by
leveraging the power of market
forces using strategic government
investment.
1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
Open Standard
HTML is open source and backed by
government investment
Kills the business models of
CompuServe, GEnie, Prodigy
Allows users to
create their own
pages and host
them on any server
1990 1993 1995 2000 2005
Standards Groups
In 1994, IETF creates the
HTML Working Group
Berners-Lee creates the
World Wide Web Consortium
The HTML 2.0 IETF specification
was released in 1995
In 1996, the IETF closed
W3C takes over
1990 1994 1996 2000 2005
Netscape
Based on the Mosaic web browser,
which was co-written by Marc
Andreessen and funded by Jim Clark
Begins immediately creating non-
standard functionality, like page
colors and font faces
1990 1994 1995 2000 2005
Internet Explorer
MSN originally intended to be like
Prodigy and CompuServe
Sees threat to their desktop
monopoly from Netscape and Sun
MS licenses and forks Mosaic
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
The Battle Begins
Adds bgcolor, font-face Adds ActiveX, VB Script
Adds JavaScript Adds JScript
Adds cookies Adds Marquee tag
Adds its own ActiveX
Adds Frames!
Adds Blink Tag!
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
W3C to the rescue!
< BLINK
>
Deprecates Netscape’s presentational markup
Introduces CSS 1.0
Because HTML3.2 was such a disaster, allows
“transitional” and “strict” pages
HTML 3.2 and 4.0 released at the same time, one
year after 2.0 which introduced international
characters, tables, and image maps
1990 1995 1997 2000 2005
DOCTYPE
That strict/transitional
thing? It led to this.
1990 1995 1997 2000 2005
The Browser Wars
Browser free for users Bundled free with
Windows
Constellation
1995 6 person team
Web to replace OS grew in 1999 to 1000
Java promised to deliver Released 6 versions in 6
sophisticated web apps years
Released 4 versions in 7
years
1990 1995 2001 2005
The Fall of Netscape
Tried to support old Forces Apple to use IE
Mariner and create Gecko
Cripples Java
Communicator bloated
with an email client, a Ties IE to OS
newsgroup reader, an Cuts vendor deals
address book, calendar,
collaboration tools, a push
client, and an HTML editor
1990 1995 2001 2005
The Dark Ages
Netscape continues to release faulty versions
MS stops releasing versions and focuses on the
security mess it created
After-math was tons of proprietary, unfinished, buggy
features
Due to lack of browser
innovation, developers
turn to Macromedia
Flash
1990 1995 2001 2006
Meanwhile, at the W3C...
XHTML “ The Answer to
t he Ultimate
HTML was too hard for implementers.
Question of
1999, the W3C publishes XHTML 1.0, Life, the
which is SGML/HTML 4.0, only in XML Universe, an d
and with extensibility
E ver ything."
In 2002, W3C publishes XHTML 2.0
which “fixes” the web. It is not
backwards compatible and focuses on
extensibility
1990 1995 1999 2002 2005
Ian Hickson
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
...
//--><!]]></script>
Uhm... IE
doesn’t support
XHTML.
works a
t google
<style type="text/css"><!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
...
/*]]>*/--></style>
1990 1995 2000 2002 2005
Mark Pilgrim
"Standards are
bullshit. XHTML is
a crock. The W3C
is irrelevant."
at goo gle too
works
1990 1995 2000 2002 2005
Meanwhile...
A browser with tabs!!
When AOL scaled back its involvement, the Mozilla
Foundation was launched on July 15, 2003 to ensure they
could survive without Netscape.
Three people fork the Netscape into a new browser: Dave
Hyatt, Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt.
The new browser is named:
Phoenix
e also created
Firebird H
Firebug!
Mozilla Firebird
Firefox
1990 1995 2000 2003 2005
Bill Gates on Firefox:
So much software
gets downloaded all the
time, but do people
actually use it?
Mozilla and Opera proposed to the W3C:
Would you please drop your XHTML efforts
in favor of extending HTML 4 in more
practical new ways that focused on rich web
applications?
No.
1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
What the What?
Apple, Mozilla, and Opera start up the independent
WHATWG
text App lication
Web Hyper Group
nology Working
Tech
I gotta have
more standards!
1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
WHATWG Goals
Return the web to its open roots
backward
Bypass Flash, Silverlight, JavaFX compatibility
Modernize HTML specs match
implementation
Adapt the DOM, advance JavaScript
specs clear and
unambiguous
Waitaminute! Where
is IE??
1990 1995 2000 2004 2005
New WHATWG Proposal
W3C Accepts, forms the HTMLWG
Drops XHTML.
Ok.
Yes. Another
But I’m in one.
charge.
Sure you
are.
1990 1995 2000 2005 2007
New WHATWG Proposal
In 2008 the first draft of HTML5 is published.
Ian Hickson
I wrote it!
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
Adobe Says...
How do you get a
consistent display of HTML
5 across browsers?
It might be a
decade before
HTML 5 sees
standardization.
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
HTML5 Implementations
canvas, getElementsByClassName, localStorage,
sessionStorage, Database storage, Custom content handlers,
ping attribute, cross-document messaging, Audio interface,
video element, Server-sent DOM events, contenteditable
attribute, Drag & drop, DOMContentLoaded, Web Workers,
Offline Web applications, MathML, inline SVG, Web Forms 2.0
Seems fine w
ithout Flash
so far.
1995 2000 2005 2010
Meanwhile...
IE Setbacks
MS loses interest in Mac, Safari replaces IE 5.5
Firebug makes developers swoon to Firefox
Firefox has a bigger market share than IE8
IE7 sucked
Get off my
IE8 sucked Mac!
It h as Tabs!!!!
1995 2000 2005 2010
IE Setbacks
Google creates Gears to get around limitations of IE
Google creates Chrome as an alternative to IE
Google Wave doesn’t support IE
pretty.
YouTube drops support for IE6
Alex.
Not feeling the
love over here.
1995 2000 2005 2010
Introducing IE9
At MIX 2010, MS announces support for SVG
Dean Hachamovitch says “The future of the web is
HTML5”
IE9 to support HTML5 Video (H.264)
Expected to release in 2011 and not be tied to the OS
Dean. We get it! We
finally get it!
1995 2000 2005 2010
News Revisited
Developers demand to know why Apple bans Flash
from iPhone
It should now be obvious that the Flash plugin was
never part of Apple’s plan. It’s collateral damage.
Minneapolis Community Technical College
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