Glancing At PNDs can Influence Driving

Glancing at Personal Navigation Devices can Influence Driving
Andrew Kun, Tim Paek,Zeljko Medenica, Nemanja Memarovic, Oskar Palinko

Outline
Navigation study: experiment
Results
Conclusion

Navigation study
With vs. without map:
Time looking at the road?
Effect on driving performance?
Voice instructionfor both
8 male subjects

DriveSafety driving simulator
tinyurl.com/p54sim

Driving simulator

2
Driving scenario
1
2
3
3
1

Seeingmachines eye tracker
tinyurl.com/eyetracker

Visual attention
Fixations (> 100 ms): number, timing, etc.
Percent dwell time: looking at road

Driving performance
Variance:
Lane position
Steering wheel angle
Velocity
Collisions

Effect of visual attention?
Average variances (13 segments)
Cross-correlation peaks: PDT decrease -> variance increase?

Outline
Results
Conclusion

Camera setup
Front camera
Eye tracker camera
Rear camera

Standard PND

Voice-only PND

Questions
Influence on visual attention?
If yes, effect on driving performance?

PDT on the outside world

Questions
Influence on visual attention?
If yes, effect on driving performance?

Cross-correlation

Cross-correlation, gazes > 200 ms

Fixations at standard PND screen

Outline
Results
Conclusion

Conclusion
Display: (visual attention)↘
(visual attention)↘ -> (variances↗)
(long gazes at PND) -> (variances↗)
Display viewing: 60% of gazes last >200ms
Collision risk: need testing
But…

I prefer to have a PND screen…

Design implications
Must earn users’ trust.
Complicated displays may reduce visual attention even more.
Small screen? Voice-only may be just fine.

Next?
“You’re on the right track.”
Complex environments?
Augmented reality.

Acknowledgements
US DOJ (NIJ, COPS)
Microsoft Research
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Glancing At PNDs can Influence Driving

by Andrew Kun on Oct 02, 2009

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