EMS – Mining Industry The Case of India Best Practice & Planning for Closure by Ing. MA. María Andrea Vásquez Castillo

Best Practice

&

Planning for Closure

Content Introduction Legal Framework for Enviromental Management Best Practice for Mine Closure Central Minning Research Institute Planning for Closure Constraints and Opportunities Conclusions References

Introduction

Legal Framework for Enviromental Management

Best Practice for Mine Closure

Central Minning Research Institute

Planning for Closure

Constraints and Opportunities

Conclusions

References

1. Introduction

2. Legal Framework for Enviromental Management Mining and Environmental Legislation Mining Legislation Environmental Legislation Mines Act. 1952 Mines and Mineral Act. 1957, Amended in 1986 & 1994 Mineral Concession Rules 1960, Amended on Sep. 1994 Mineral Conservation and Development Rules 1958, Amended in 1988 & 1994 Mines Rules 1995 State Minor Mineral Concession Rule Water Pollution Act, 1974 & Rules Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Air Pollution Act, 1981 & Rules Environment Protection Act. 1986 Environmental Statement, 1993 Environmental Impact Assesment, 1994

3. Best Practice for Mine Closure Source: Environmental Policy in Mining, A. Warhurst

Singrauli Coalfields (SC) 14,873 hectares for 10 mining blocks 44.4% for mining excavation 12.2% for overburden dumps 17.0% for infrastructure 26.4% for other operations Envir. Management External dumping area is kept to a minimum. Dragline, shvel-dumper combination and dozers are for filling purposes Periphery of overburden dump slope kept an angle of 28° Height no more than 30m Results Several species of plants grown on overburden dumps (Dep. Botany, Banaras University)

14,873 hectares for 10 mining blocks

44.4% for mining excavation

12.2% for overburden dumps

17.0% for infrastructure

26.4% for other operations

Envir. Management

External dumping area is kept to a minimum.

Dragline, shvel-dumper combination and dozers are for filling purposes

Periphery of overburden dump slope kept an angle of 28°

Height no more than 30m

Results

Several species of plants grown on overburden dumps (Dep. Botany, Banaras University)

Amarkantak Bauxite Mines (ABM) – SSM (Bharat Aluminum Co. Ltd.) Reclamation Programme Reclamation work started in 1979 Void areas filled with lateritic overburden And covered with top soil layer Restored land > 150 ha 18-20 ha/year reclaimed with aprox. 60,000 trees of 52 species It is possible to reclaim them through crop cultivation and Small appropriate dose of NPK fertilizers

Reclamation Programme

Reclamation work started in 1979

Void areas filled with lateritic overburden

And covered with top soil layer

Restored land > 150 ha

18-20 ha/year reclaimed with aprox. 60,000 trees of 52 species

It is possible to reclaim them through crop cultivation and

Small appropriate dose of NPK fertilizers

4. Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI) Acid Mine Drainage most serious problem Shales excavated contains in dilution until 22% sulphur Material from excavations are aprox. 0.3 Tons In rainy season increases the acidity of the soil High acidity affects the revegetation process. Amjhore Pyrite Mine (APM) Environmental Impacts CMRI Successfully revegetation process was obtained using lime, phosphatic waste, and industrial cinders. It works!

Acid Mine Drainage most serious problem

Shales excavated contains in dilution until 22% sulphur

Material from excavations are aprox. 0.3 Tons

In rainy season increases the acidity of the soil

High acidity affects the revegetation process.

5. Planning for Closure Source: Environmental Policy in Mining, A. Warhurst

6. Constraints and Opportunities Developing Countries Lack of infrastructure and resources. Ineffective information technology Policy failures Political barriers Lack of monitoring and control India Multi-disciplinary HR. Infrastructure facilities. Well-recognized R&D facilities.

Developing Countries

Lack of infrastructure and resources.

Ineffective information technology

Policy failures

Political barriers

Lack of monitoring and control

India

Multi-disciplinary HR.

Infrastructure facilities.

Well-recognized R&D facilities.

7. Conclusions & Recomendations Environmental considerations at every stage. Good understanding of resource deposits and rehabilitation philosophy. Water treatment of mine discharges. Considering of Environmental Policy Reforms. International Agencies co-operation improves the process of clean technology transfer.

Environmental considerations at every stage.

Good understanding of resource deposits and rehabilitation philosophy.

Water treatment of mine discharges.

Considering of Environmental Policy Reforms.

International Agencies co-operation improves the process of clean technology transfer.

8. References Environmental Policy in Mining, A. Warhurst, L. Noronha, 1999 Metallic - Minerals map of India, http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/metalindustry.htm , 16.11.07 http://www.nlcindia.com/monthly_report_index.html ; 18.12.2007 , 15:17h http://www.cmpdi.co.in/GeomaticsMaps/SingrauliCF/Singrauli2k5.pdf , 18.12.2007, 15:32h http://envfor.nic.in/report/0001/chap08.html ; 18.12.07, 17.10 http://www.westerncoal.nic.in/envior.htm http://envfor.nic.in/report/0001/chap08.html#eti_cecmed (Gevra) http://habitat.aq.upm.es/dubai/02/bp161.html http://www.secl.nic.in/menv.htm (Gevra) http://www.ismenvis.nic.in/ Jharia CF http://bardhaman.gov.in/mines/mines.htm Raniganj CF

Environmental Policy in Mining, A. Warhurst, L. Noronha, 1999

Metallic - Minerals map of India, http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/metalindustry.htm , 16.11.07

http://www.nlcindia.com/monthly_report_index.html ; 18.12.2007 , 15:17h

http://www.cmpdi.co.in/GeomaticsMaps/SingrauliCF/Singrauli2k5.pdf , 18.12.2007, 15:32h

http://envfor.nic.in/report/0001/chap08.html ; 18.12.07, 17.10

http://www.westerncoal.nic.in/envior.htm

http://envfor.nic.in/report/0001/chap08.html#eti_cecmed (Gevra)

http://habitat.aq.upm.es/dubai/02/bp161.html

http://www.secl.nic.in/menv.htm (Gevra)

http://www.ismenvis.nic.in/ Jharia CF

http://bardhaman.gov.in/mines/mines.htm Raniganj CF

Thank you for your attention!