Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency in 1901 after the assassination of President McKinley. Roosevelt favored an assertive foreign policy known as his "Big Stick" approach of "speaking softly and carrying a big stick." This allowed him to broker peace in the Russo-Japan War and pursue the Panama Canal. Roosevelt also sent the Great White Fleet around the world to demonstrate American naval power and established the Roosevelt Corollary justifying US intervention in Latin America. The Panama Canal was a major achievement but required revolting Panamanians against Colombia and over 5,600 worker deaths to complete.
4. PRELIMINARY PERSONALITY
QUOTES
PROFILE
He was the type of person who righteousness; but if can do is
#2 ––“Generally peace tells fora__________________. far.”the
#3 –– “Far and awayanddecision, the best you will offer is is
thingto gothere
#4 ––“The mostcaresof carryprize stick; your feetformula
#8 “In“Keep softlyeyes onsingleyou know, untilyou avoid
any moment the best
#6 #7–“Nobodyhit at all if itmuchbigthat life has thetoonknowof
#5 “Speak yourthathow isthing ______________________.
– “Don't theour is the possible due and to
honorably
#1rightbetweenimportantfavoredingredient in isthey first the
His wordschance thework hard at work worth doing.” the
showed two, then
he
conflict thing, the next best
the stars, and
faithfulness thing,
to how much to get along wrong
success is knowingbut never care.” with people.”
hitting; how you hit soft.”
ground.” is nothing.”
He seemed toworst thing yourighteousness.”
the cause of can do
be _____________________________________.
#1 #2 #3 #4
#5 #6 #7 #8
7. ASSASSINATION OF
PRESIDENT MCKINLEY
McKinley won a second term in
the 1900 election with Roosevelt
as his running mate.
On September 6, 1901 while
visiting Buffalo New York, Leon
Czolgosz, an anarchist who
opposed all forms of
government, attacked McKinley
who dies a few days later.
Roosevelt assumed the
Presidency.
8. ROOSEVELT’S
BIG STICK
Roosevelt was only 42 when he
became President.
He was selected to be the Vice
Presidential nomine for his charisma
and status as a war hero.
Republican leaders hoped to keep
him from causing political problems.
Roosevelt favored increased
American power on the world’s
stage.
Roosevelt described his style of
foreign policy as "the exercise of
intelligent forethought and of
decisive action sufficiently far in
advance of any likely crisis”
9. ROOSEVELT’S
ACTIONS IN ASIA
Roosevelt supported the Open Door Policy
in China and worked to prevent any single
nation from monopolizing trade there.
Roosevelt helped to negotiate an end to the
Russo-Japanese War.
• Rival imperial ambitions of the Russian
Empire and the Empire of Japan over
Manchuria and Korea caused the war.
Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in
1906 for his efforts in ending the war with
the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth.
10. WHY?!?
THE GREAT WHITE FLEET
A fleet consisting of sixteen battleships and 14, 000 sailors of the U.S. Navy set
out on December 16, 1907 by President Theodore Roosevelt on a journey around
the world, a feat that had never before been attempted.
11. THE ROOSEVELT
COROLLARY
“The corollary stated that
the United States would
intervene in Latin
America affairs when
necessary to maintain
economic and political
stability in the Western
Hemisphere” (Appleby
2008, page 508).
12. THE PANAMA CANAL
“By far the most
important action I took in
foreign affairs during the
time I was President was
related to the Panama
Canal.” – Roosevelt
The Hay-Herran Treaty in
1903 offered the
Colombian government
$10 million in cash and
an annual payment of
$250,000 for a six-mile-
wide strip across the
Colombian province of
Panama.
13. ACQUIRING THE
CANAL ZONE
A French company had begun
digging a canal in 1881, but
abandoned its efforts because of
bankruptcy and major loss of life.
The US had considered two
possible canal sites, the other was
in Nicaragua. The French company
made the choice easier by selling
us the rights and property in
Panama.
Secretary of State Hay offered
Colombia $10 million and a yearly
rent for the rights to construct the
canal and control the land on either
side. The Colombian government
refused the offer.
14. PANAMA REVOLTS
Panama had opposed Colombian rule
since the mid-1800’s and the Canal
issue added to the tension.
Organized uprisings in Panama, with
ten U.S. warships looming offshore,
gave Panama it’s independence and the
United States land to build it’s canal.
15. THE FINISHED CANAL
Over 5,600 men died from
disease and accidents
(not including the 25,000
earlier French casualties),
and the U.S. cost was
about $350 million (on
top of the $290 million
spent by the French
company). The Pacific
fleet passed through the
locks for the first time in
1919, seven months after
Roosevelt’s death.
EXPAIN CHARACTER QUOTES – and list more of the students thoughts…..Students work in groups, each with a different quote to consider, and BRAINSTORM and LIST words that describe their impression of the character.SHARE yourlist of character qualities and traits with the entire class.students MAKE GENERALIZATIONS about the character or individual in a “Personality Profile.”
Give each student a quote and let them think for 1 minute or so. Leave the board bank during this.
READ EACH QUOTE and get group thoughts….other thoughts if necessary. Three or less is probably ideal. (the animation of the slide will work through the activity – use the SMART markers to right down traits – they will stay up the whole time)NO STUDENT HAS #8 – Do as a class!ALL OF THESE QUOTES WERE FROM THEODOOR ROOSEVELT.
WHERE HAVE WE HEARD OF HIM BEFORE?Police Commissioner of New York CityProgressive President Domestically FDA, trust-busting, etc.Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1897 to 1900Rough Rider leaderAfter the destruction of the U.S.S. Maine in February of 1898 there would be war with Spain, and T.R. was determined to be a part of it. T.R. accepted a commission as Lieutenant Colonel in the First Volunteer Cavalry which was made up of cowboys, hunters, scouts and Indians. From May 15, 1898 to September 16, 1898, Lt. Col Theodore Roosevelt served with the Rough Riders cavalry, including the July 1st advance at San Juan Heights for which he was cited for bravery. Upon his return home autumn 1898, T.R. was nominated and elected governor of the state of New York.
Because of T.R.’s opposition to the party machine, and due to the discomfort of the large corporations with T.R., it was decided that he would be nominated to run as Vice President under McKinley in 1900. This proposed nomination created a terrible problem for Roosevelt. His supporters in New York wanted him to stay on as Governor, while his friends and supporters outside of New York desperately wanted T.R. on the national ticket to strengthen McKinley’s chances against William Jennings Bryan. T.R.’s friend and counselor, Cabot Lodge, argued in favor of running on the national ticket. The untimely death of Vice President Garret Hobart brought a sense of urgency to the decision process. Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the twenty‐sixth president of the United States, following President McKinley’s assassination by an anarchist.
The median age of accession is roughly 54 years and 11 monthsBig Stick ideology, Big Stick diplomacy, or Big Stick policy refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: "speak softly, and carry a big stick." Roosevelt attributed the term to a West African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” Roosevelt described his style of foreign policy as "the exercise of intelligent forethought and of decisive action sufficiently far in advance of any likely crisis".President Theodore Roosevelt now had the position, the power and the support of his followers to push forward the legislation and programs that best fit the needs of the country, regardless of party politics. The Republican Party would now have to deal with a zealous reformer in the White House. T.R. was sensitive to the fact that he was about to serve out President McKinley’s term of office. Accordingly, he was careful not to make wholesale changes to the cabinet officers and other major appointees. However, as new issues, programs and proposed legislation came to his attention, T.R. would act in the best interests of the country. If he did not have the support of the Congress or his party, he would go to the people and use the power of his magnetic personality and the Bully Pulpit to rally public support for his decisions and ideas. Theodore Roosevelt, one of our most productive and energetic presidents, could also be said to be our most enigmatic president. He was a sickly, asthmatic child who worked hard to develop himself physically and become a robust, masculine figure. T.R. always loved nature and the outdoors, but was an avid hunter and brought down many animals as personal trophies and for museum displays. He was a born Republican, but had progressive ideas and promoted legislation, like the Square Deal, that one would have expected of a Democrat or Progressive.
REMEMBER WHAT OPEN DOOR POCILY IS? Fair trade in China Equal taxation for all countries America was able to trade thereAlthough Roosevelt had never been to either Russia or Japan, he had formed opinions about their national characters. He felt that dominance by Russia would be ominous for America, with Russia, because of its larger size, a greater long term threat. He envisioned China as the focal point of the struggle.By the time that the Russo-Japanese War started, Roosevelt was hoping for, and expected, a Japanese victory, but one which would leave a balance of power which left room for American trade in the region. With a view to the security of Hawaii and the Philippines, Roosevelt said “I like to see the war ending with Russia and Japan locked in a clinch, counter weighing one another, and both kept weak by the effort”. His expectations were betrayed by his statement that “The Russians think only with half a mind...I think that Japanese will whip them handsomely.”The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was "the first great war of the 20th century.” It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. Treaty of PortsmouthAmerican President Theodore Roosevelt offered to mediate, and earned a Nobel Peace Prize for his effort. The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed on 5 September 1905.[34] at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence and agreed to evacuate Manchuria. AMERICA BECOMES A MEDIATOR – like ParisPREPARE STUDENTS FOR THE NEXT SLIDE. LOOK AT THE IMAGE. IT’S REALLY BIG…AND ABOUT A BIG IDEA. WATCH IT.
Roosevelt stressed the upgrading and expansion of the US fleet in order to protect American interests abroad. From 1904 to 1907, American shipyards turned out 11 new battleships to give the Navy awesome battle capabilities. This was timely, for, in 1906, hostilities with Japan seemed possible; the Japanese navy dominated the Pacific and posed a potential threat to the Philippines.The fourteen-month long voyage was a grand pageant of American sea power. The squadrons were manned by 14,000 sailors. They covered some 43,000 miles and made twenty port calls on six continents. The "Great White Fleet" sent around the world by President Theodore Roosevelt from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 consisted of sixteen new battleships of the Atlantic Fleet. WHY WOULD ROOSEVELT WANT TO DO THIS? – IF TIME The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the "big stick", or the military.
PAN-AMERICANISMThe goal of the Roosevelt Corollary was to prevent European powers from using the debt problems of Latin America to justify intervening in the region. Content of Corollary – If TIME PERMITSRoosevelt's December 1904 annual message to Congress declared:While the Monroe Doctrine had warned European powers to keep their hands off countries in the Americas, President Roosevelt was now saying that "since the United States would not permit the European powers to lay their hands on, he had an obligation to do so himself. In short, he would intervene to keep them from intervening."While the Monroe Doctrine said European countries should stay out of Latin America, the Roosevelt Corollary took this further to say that the United States had the right to exercise military force in Latin American countries in order to keep European countries out.
On August 15th, 1914, the Panama Canal opened, connecting the world’s two largest oceans and signaling America’s emergence as a global superpower. American ingenuity and innovation had succeeded where, fifteen years earlier, the French had failed disastrously. But the U.S. paid a price for victory: a decade of ceaseless, grinding toil, an outlay of more than 350 million dollars -- the largest single federal expenditure in history to that time -- and the loss of more than 5,000 lives. Along the way, Central America witnessed the brazen overthrow of a sovereign government, the influx of over 55,000 workers from around the globe, the removal of hundreds of millions of tons of earth, and engineering innovation on an unprecedented scale. The construction of the Canal was the epitome of man’s mastery over nature and signaled the beginning of America’s domination of world affairs.Roosevelt had advocated a strong navy long before becoming President in 1901, so naturally he was "delighted" when the United States Senate approved the Hay-Herran Treaty in 1903, offering the Colombian government $10 million in cash and an annual payment of $250,000 for a six-mile-wide strip across the Colombian province of Panama. But the Colombian senate refused to ratify the treaty, holding out for $25 million. Roosevelt considered this nothing less than a shake-down and he refused to up the ante. Never known for his patience, Roosevelt was eager to make the dirt fly.
WHERE WOULD BE THE BEST PLACE TO CROSS? DRAW ON BOARD.Acquiring the Canal Zone was not an easy tast.The Panama Canal would save time and money for both commercial and military shipping. T.R. HAS A BIG NAVY….NOW HE WANTS A WAY TO GET HIS NAVY AROUND THE WORLD FASTER.This is the best illustration of what Roosevelt meant by "speak softly and carry a big stick."
While Roosevelt and his foreign policy advisors explored their options, word reached Washington that a revolution was once again brewing in Panama, and that the terms of the treaty recently rejected by the Colombian Senate would be agreeable to the Panamanians. While careful not to endorse the revolt, Roosevelt discreetly let it be known that the U.S. would view this as a positive development and could be counted on to act accordingly. On November 3, 1903, the Panamanian rebels successfully carried out a bloodless coup. Without having fired a single shot, they proclaimed their independence the following day. Without the contingent of U.S. Marines from the gunboat Nashville, which arrived in Panama on November 2, Colombian troops would have squelched the revolt. And the presence of no less than ten U.S. warships standing off shore prevented Colombia from sending in additional troops. The U.S. immediately recognized the Republic of Panama (as did several Latin American nations) and a treaty based on the original offer to Colombia was quickly ratified. THEY COULD NOT GET A DEAL WITH COLOMBIA…BUT THEY COULD WITH THE NEW PANAMA
Work on the canal began in 1904 and was completed in 1914, just as World War I broke out in Europe. Completion of the canalproved to be a massive engineering feat. Once the U.S. took over the project in 1904, an additional 232 million cubic yards were excavated to complete the 50-mile path between the seas Over 5,600 men died from disease and accidents (not including the 25,000 earlier French casualties)The U.S. cost was about $350 million (on top of the $290 million spent by the French company). The Pacific fleet passed through the locks for the first time in 1919, seven months after Roosevelt’s death.
Who are these people?What is/was Mrs. Clinton’s job?What is the artist trying to say?
Complete this…..this will be in notes….IF TIME ALLOWS, DO ONE EXAMPLE TOGETHER.
ANALYZE CARTOON.THIS WILL BE IN THE NOTES PAGE AND WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE STUDENTS DURING CLASS IF TIME ALLOWS OR FOR HOMEWORK.
