RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

BY: A.Ali
AS A RESEARCHER THE KIND OF STAGES THAT TAKE PLACE IN WRITING A SOCIAL SCEINCE RESERCH

INTRODUCTION
Social research refers to research conducted by social researchers, with in sociology and social psychology, also with in other disciplines such as social policy, human geography, political science, social anthropology and education.
The social researchers study diverse things from census data on hundreds of thousands of human beings, through the in-depth analysis of the life of a single important person or a group to monitoring what is happening on a street or state today or what was happening a few hundred years ago.

OBJECTIVES OF A SOCIAL RESEARCH
The objectives or goal of a social researcher is to achieve the targeted subject to a conclusion through an organized plane which helps the society or nation.

FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL RESERCH
Social research is based on logic and empirical observation. An American Philosopher and professor in sociology and political science at the university of Arizona “CHALES C RAGIN”, a book of him “constructing social research “, said that “social research involved the interaction between ideas and evidence” according to this it is the foundation of social research.

Social research is divided in to two
PURE RESEARCH
It carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Many times the end result has no direct or immediate commercial benefits.

APPLIED RESEARCH
It carried out the research accessing and using some part of the research communities “the academies”, accumulated theories,
Knowledge, methods and techniques for a specific, often sate, commercial or client driven purpose.

TYPES OF EXPLANATION IN A SOCIAL RESEARCH
IDIOGRAPHIC
It explains as a tendency to specify and expressed in the humanities. It explains the effort to understand the effort to understand the meaning of contingent, accidental and often subjective phenomena.
NOMOTETIC
It explains the tendency to generalize and express in the natural science. It also explains the effort to derive laws that explain objects and phenomena.

TYPES OF INQUIRY IN A SOCIAL RESEARCH
DEDUCTIVE METHOD
It is a method of reasoning which uses deductive arguments to move from given statement to conclusions, which must be true.
INDUCTIVE METHOD
It is also called “inductive logic”. It is the process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion.

SOCIAL RESEARCH CAN BE STUDY
QUANTITAIVE METHOD

It is a systematic investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationship.

QUALITATIVE METHOD
It is the field of enquiry that crosscut disciplines and subject matters.

PARADIGMS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
Social paradigms point out to focus on the ability of some groups to dominate others or resistance to such dominate others, or resistance to such domination. It also examines how people make sense out of social life in the process of living it, as if each was a researcher engaged in inquiry.

THE ETHIC OF A SOCIAL RESERACHER
Voluntary participation

No harm to subject

Integrity

Privacy, anonymity and confidential

This is the primary assumptions of the ethics in a social research.

STEPS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
Confirm a topic
Deep understanding of the topic
Rough idea of the topic
Get a sponsor
Prepare a time frame to the research
Decide which method is going to used
Decide what secondary data that are going to use
Analyze a conclusion
Start collecting the information
Recording the data
Analyzing the data
Deleting the irrelevant information
Formatting the report
Start writing the report
Polishing the report
Rewrite the report
Read and submit the report

CONFIRM A TOPIC
Confirmation of a topic is the step which researcher has to decide. With out a topic any would be able to continue a research. A researcher has to decide a topic which he/she believes.
Deep understanding of the topic
It is important that a researcher understand the topic. It will be easy if he/she to get the ideas thus if he/she understand the topic that decide to conclude
Rough idea of the topic
It is important that a researcher analyze a rough idea about the topic. Thus it will be easy to believe that once he/she could get a rough idea would be Confident to continue with the research.
Get a sponsor
For a big or small research, with out a small or big budget, it will not be succeeded. Thus a researcher will find a financial assistance to complete his/her research.

Prepare a time frame to the research
Time frame is a very important step for a researcher. It helps to planed the research and finish up the conclusion with out a longer duration. Time frame should be divided into stages to complete the research. As a result the research will end up in a short span of time period.
Decide which method is going to used
In this stage a researcher has to decide which method he/she is going to use. Quantitative method or qualitative method, these two methods are about the study. Deductive method and inductive method, these two methods are about the enquiry. Ideographic or homothetic method, these two methods is explanation method. At last apply research method or pure research method. These methods could be decide according to the topic and analytical conclusion that the researcher is going to forward.
Decide what secondary data that are going to use
It is important that to decide or used a secondary data for the topic thus, the information which gets is not enough for the conclusion. In this situation it is a must to get use of the secondary data to complete the research.

Analyze a conclusion
Analyzing the conclusion is very important step in this stage. Thus it will be easy to get the information according to the believed conclusion.
Start collecting the information
This is the most import stage of researcher. He/she has to collect the information which is relevant to the topic. It should be the hardest step of the researcher. He/she has to decide the sources that which he or she is going to collect the information.
Recording the data
After collecting the information he/she has to keep a data record. The data will be safe if the information is recorded thus it might loose or forget.
Analyzing the data
By analyzing the data the researchers will no weather the collected information is enough for the conclusion or not.

Deleting the irrelevant information
After analyzing the data delete the irrelevant information which is not related to the topic. Also has to delete the repeated information from the record.
Formatting the report
Before Write a report the report should be in the format, thus with out formatting the report, the information which is Wrote on the report will be misplace. It will be easy for an analyzer to analyze a report if it writes in a systematic manner.
Start writing the report
After formatting the report start writing the report according to the format. While writing the report, there should be relevant information which is recorded. Report should not go out of the topic.

Polishing the report
After writing the report it should be polished. It should be checked weather repeated sentences are their or not. It should be checked by grammatically. It should checked what the sentence is wrote, define the exact meaning or not. It should be cheeked the report is under the topic or not. It should be cheeked the conclusion is acceptable to the information provided on the report or not etc.
Rewrite the report
After polishing the report rewrite the report.
Read and submit the report
After rewriting the report read and submits the report to the subject matter.

CONCLUTION
It is important that, attempting a research any should no what is a research
It is also important to a researcher to understand the steps of the research that he/she is going to do.
Any thing any one do must have a goal or a plane, with out a goal or plane it will be impossible to achieve their objectives, there for to a researcher they should have a plane and rules to follow.
A researcher should know that ,with out the research steps, it will be impossible to attempt to a research and conclude that topic.
With out a systematic attempt ,a researcher will not get a successful research done.

RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

by Anas ali

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