Thigh

ANATOMY OF THE THIGH
By:
Dr: Mohammed Faez

Anatomy of the thigh
The thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee.
The single bone in the thigh (femur).

Surface anatomy of the thigh
Surface features of the Thigh
Sartorius muscle
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Adductor longus muscle
Hamstring muscles
Femoral triange

Thigh is divided to 3 groups of muscles called compartments.
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
Medial compartment
These three compartments are separated by fascia.

Compartments of the Thigh
Fascial septa divide limb into compartaments
anterior compartment
medial compartment
posterior compartment
Anterior compartment
Medial (adductor) compartment
Posterior compartment
Fascia Lata

The anterior compartment muscles of the thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee.
The posterior compartment muscles of the thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg.
The medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh.

The anterior compartment of the thigh is homologous to the posterior compartment of the arm.
The posterior compartment of the thigh is homologous to the anterior compartment of the arm.

Thigh innervations:
Anterior compartment from femoral nerve L2,3,4.
Medial compartment from obturator nerve L2,3,4.
Posterior compartment from sciatic nerveL4,5,S1,2,3 (sacral plexus).

Thigh innervations
Anterior compartment-
Extensors of the knee
Femoral Nerve
femur
medial
lateral
Medial compartment-
Adductors of the knee
Obturator Nerve
Posterior compartment-
Flexors of the knee
Sciatic Nerve

Anterior surface of thigh
Femoral Triangle:
Borders:
Superior:
Inguinal Ligament
Medially:
Adductor Longus Muscle
Laterally:
Sartorius Muscle

Femoral Triangle:
Floor:
Iliopsoas muscle.
Pectineus muscle.
Adductor longus muscle.
Roof:
Fascia Lata

Femoral Triangle:
Contents (lateral to medial):
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics

Adductor Canal:
Borders:
Lateral:
Vastusmedialis muscle.
Posterior:
Adductor longus and magnus.
Anteromedial:
Sartorius muscle.

Adductor Canal:
Contents:
Saphenous nerve:
Termination of femoral nerve.
Nerve to vastusmedialis.
Terminal part of obturator nerve.
Terminal parts of femoral artery and vein.
Deep lymph vessels.

Anterior Compartment
Muscles:
Iliopsoas.
Sartorius.
Quadriceps:
Rectus femoris.
Vastuslateralis.
Vastusintermedius.
Vastusmedialis

Blood Supply:
Femoral Artery:
Superficial circumflex iliac.
Superficial epigastric.
Superficial external pudendal.
Deep external pudendal.
Descending genicular.
Deep femoral (profundafemoris)
Lateral femoral circumflex.
Medial femoral circumflex.

Innervation:
Femoral Nerve:
Action:
Hip flexion.
Knee extension.

Iliopsoas
Origin - Ilia, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion – lesser trochanter
Action – flexor of thigh
Innervation – femoral nerve

Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,viapesanserinus
Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Quadriceps femoris muscle:
Rectus Femoris
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibialtuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee

VastusMedialis
Origin: Intertrochanteric line
Action: Extend leg at knee

VastusLateralis
Origin: Greater trochanter

VastusIntermedius
Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur

Anterior (extensor) compartment of the thigh
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
anterior
anterior

Medial Compartment
Muscles:
Gracilis.
Adductor longus.
Adductor brevis.
Adductor magnus.
Pectineus

Medial Compartment
Blood Supply:
Obturator artery:
Branch of internal iliac artery.

Medial Compartment
Innervation:
Obturator nerve.
Tibial nerve:
To hamstring portion of adductor magnus.
Action:
Adduction

Medial Compartment
Adductor longus
Origin – Medial portion of superior pubic ramus
Insertion - lineaaspera of femur
Action – adducts and medial rotates
Innervation – Obturator nerve

Medial Compartment
Adductor brevis
Origin – Inferior pubic ramus

Medial Compartment
Adductor magnus
Origin – Ischiopubicramus and ischialtuberosity

Medial Compartment
Gracilis
Origin - Pubic symphysis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion – medial tibia
Action – adducts thigh, flex, medial, rotates leg

Medial Compartment
Pectineus
Origin - pubis
Insertion – lesser trochanter
Action – adducts, medial rotates
Innervation – femoral nerve

Medial Compartment

Medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh
Innervation:
obturatornerve*
medial
*Adductor Magnus innervated by both obturator n and tibial division of sciatic n
medial

Posterior Compartment
Muscles:
Hamstrings:
Biceps Femoris:
Long head.
Short head.
Semimembranosus.
Semitendinosus.
Adductor Hiatus

Vascular Supply:
Perforating arteries (from profundafemoris)

Innervation:
Common Peroneal Nerve:
To biceps femorisbrevis.
Tibial nerve:
Action:
Hip Extension.
Knee Flexion.

Biceps Femoris (2 Heads)
Origin – Ischialtuberosity(long head), lineaaspera(short head).
Insertion - Lateral tibia, head fibula
Action - Thigh extension, knee flexion, lateral rotation
Innervation- (short head)
Common Fibular Nerve branch of Sciatic Nerve.
(long head) Tibial Nerve branch of Sciatic Nerve.

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Origin - ischialtuberosity
Insertion - medial tibia
Action - thigh extension, knee flexion, medial rotation
Innervation- Tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve.

Posterior compartment of the thigh
Hamstring mm: Arise from ischialtuberosity & innervated by tibial division of sciatic n.
Innervation:
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Except short head of biceps femoris: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
posterior

10-50
Muscles of the Knee Joint/Leg
Fig. 12.17
Fig. 12.18
Iliopsoas
flexor of hip
Adductors
adductor of thigh
laterally rotate thigh
Quadriceps femoris
prime extensor of knee
attaches to tibial tuberosity
Hamstrings
flex knee
extends hip with Gluteus maximus

Tensor Fascia Latae
Psoas Major
Rectus Femoris
Iliacus
Vastus Intermedius DEEP TO RECTUS FEMORIS
Adductor Longus
Vastus Lateralis
Sartorius
Vastus Medialis

Thank You

Thigh

by MBBS IMS MSU

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Thigh

by MBBS IMS MSU

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