A breif discussion on some of the available options in the reconstruction of pilonidal sinus defect. Post excision of pilonidal sinus. A plastic surgery view of the problem.

1. R E C O N S T R U C T I O N M O D A L I T I E S
O F P I L O N I D A L S I N U S D E F E C T S
A H M E D A L M U M T I N ,

2. O B J E C T I V E S
• Statement of the problem
• General evaluation if the condition.
• Treatment options
• Some Reconstruction methods
• Take Home messages.

3. S T A T E M E N T O F T H E P R O B L E M
• Pilonidal disease is a potentially debilitating condition.
• Cause, optimal treatment, still controversial.
• Presentation
• Male:Female
• Age
• Aetiology

4. E V I D E N C E

5. E V A L U A T I O N O F T H E D I S E A S E
• History
• Physical examination

7. T R E A T M E N T / M A N A G E M E N T
• Non-Operative
• Operative

8. N O N - O P E R A T I V E M A N A G E M E N T
• Trial of gluteal cleft shaving
• Phenol injection and local depilatory cream application
• Fibrin glue
• Antibiotics
• Perioperative prophylaxis
• Postoperative treatment
• Topical use

9. N O N - O P E V I D E N C E B A S E D
Grade of Recommendation
Gluteal cleft shaving 1 C
Strong recommendation based on low-quality evidence
Fibrin Glue 2 C
Weak recommendation based on low-quality evidence
Phenol Injection 2 C
Weak recommendation based on low-quality evidence
Antibiotics 1 C
Strong recommendation based on low-quality evidence

10. O P E R A T I V E
M A N A G E M E N T
• Acute pilonidal disease.
• Chronic pilonidal disease.
• Excise with primary
closure.
• Excise, secondary
intention.

11. M I N I M A L
S U R G E R Y W I T H
T R E P H I N E S
• 1358 patients
• Trephines used to debride
pits and sinusses
and clear debris
• Recurrence at 1, 5 and 10
yrs 6.5, 13.2 and 16.2%
• Mean time to recurrence
2.7 years

12. Minimal surgery with trephines

13. V A C
• Alternative method.
• Shortened the length of hospital stay and
the need for further surgery

14. F L A P B A S E D P R O C E D U R E S
• Limberg flap & dufourmental
• Karydakis flap
• Cleft-lift (Bascom)
• V-Y advancement and rotation
• Z-plasty
• Superior gluteal artery perforator flap

15. L I M B E R G F L A P
• 110 patients, 102 males, 8 females. average age 21, 7
of them recurrent disease and 3 had previous
surgeries.
• 107 full healing, one case; epidermolysis and 2 cases,
small gaping
• 7 months follow up; one recurrence outside the edge!
• mean length hospital stay 4 days, return to work within
3 weeks.

17. D U F O U R M E N T E L F L A P
• 310 patients 24 asymptomatic and 55 recurrent disease
• Surgery 40 minutes mean
• No flap necrosis
• Mean hospital stay 1 day (1- 11)
• Mean return to work 7 days (5- 30)
• Minimal pain (visual analogue scale)
• 10.6% wound complications, managed conservatively in all but 2 (0.6%)
which was resutured
• Recurrence 7 (2.3%) of patients, all within 25 months. No further recurrence
at 5, 10 and 16 yrs

18. D U F O U R M E N T E L F L A P

19. D U F O U R M E N T E L F L A P

21. K A R Y D A K I S A N D B A S S C O M ’ S
• Technique for excision
• Karydakis excised up to the sacrum, modified by Bascom.
• Karydakis had less than 1% recurrence with this
procedure
• Mean hospital stay is .76 days, Healing 11.1 days, Return
to work in 17.7 day
•

22. – D R . G E O R G E K A R Y D A K I S
Karydakis Flap

24. Z - P L A S T Y
• RCT 72 patients
• Mean follow up for both arms 22 months
• Hospital stay conventional treatment 1.76 (+/-
0.75), Z- plasty 2.86 (+/- 0.73 days)
• Wound healing Conventional surgery 41days, Z-
plasty 15.4 days
• Return to normal activity 17.5 days for
conventional vs 11.9 days for Z- plasty
• One recurrence.

26. V - Y A D V A N C E M E N T / R O T A T I O N
F L A P S
• 43 patients
• 16.3% wound complications (managed
conservatively), no breakdown
• Mean hospital stay 3 (2- 5) days
• Return to work in mean 17 (13- 25) days
• Recurrence in 1 patient 2.3%

27. • V-Y advancement

28. • V-Y Rotation

29. S U P E R I O R
G L U T E A L A R T E R Y
P E R F O R A T O R
F L A P
• 15 males were involved.
• Can close defects of any
size
• Short surgical time and
minimal blood loss.
• Shorter hospital stay, time
to mobilisation and return
to daily activities

30. – S U P E R I O R G L U T E A L A R T E R Y P E R F O R A T O R F L A P

31. L U M B A R A D I P O F A S C I A L T U R N O V E R
F L A P
• Excision of pilonidal cyst up to lumbosacral fascia
• Undermining of the skin in the intermediate subcutaneous
tissue
• Flap developed in 2 (length) to1(base) ratio
• When desired length is obtained, cut up to the lumbar fascia
• Flap then elevated of the erector spine muscles and turned
over into soft tissue defect
• Skin sutured over this

32. L U M B A R
A D I P O F A S C I A L
T U R N O V E R F L A P
• 10 patients
• Mean hospital stay of 4
days
• Mean time of work 15 days
• Acceptable cosmesis
• No recurrence

34. O K ? L E A V E I T O P E N ?
• 18 studies, 12 RCTs open vs closure (10 vs 2) (mid-
line/off-midline).
• 6 studies mid-line vs off-midline.
• rapid healing after closure, same infection rate.
• Recurrence was less likely to occur after open healing.
• Earlier return to work with closure.

35. - P R I M A R Y C L O S U R E O R O P E N H E A L I N G B Y S E C O N D A R Y
I N T E N T I O N .
- M I D - L I N E O R O F F - M I D L I N E
“so; Take it Home!”

36. Off-midline closure should be the standard
management when primary closure is the
desired surgical option

37. R E F E R E N C E S
• JB Lynch; AJ Laing; PJ Regan. Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy: A New Treatment Option for Recurrent
Pilonidal Sinus Disease Report of Three Cases. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 929–932
• JH Armstrong; PJBarcia. Pilonidal Sinus Disease The Conservative Approach. Arch Surg. 1994;129:914-918
• E Tezel; H Bostanci; Z Anadol. Cleft Lift Procedure for Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Disease. Dis Colon Rectum
2009; 52: 135- 139
• M Gips; Y Melki; L Salem: Minimal Surgery for Pilonidal Disease Using Trephines: Description of a New
Technique and Long-Term Outcomes in 1,358 Patients. Dis Colon & Rect Vol 51: 1656–1663 (2008)
• E Aygen; K Arslan; O Dogru. Crystallized Phenol in Nonoperative Treatment of Previously Operated, Recurrent
Pilonidal Disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53: 932–935
• JN Lund, D.M; S Leveson. Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus: Results of a Pilot Study. Dis Colon
Rectum 2005; 48: 1094– 1096
• R Eryilmaz; I Okan; A Coskun. Surgical Treatment of Complicated Pilonidal Sinus with a Fasciocutaneous V-Y
Advancement Flap. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 2036–2040
• Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD006213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006213.pub3. Healing
by primary versus secondary intention after surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus. Al-Khamis A1, McCallum I,
King PM, Bruce J.

38. C O N T I N U E R E F E R E N C E S
• World J Surg. 2013 May;37(5):1115-20. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013-1950-8. Karydakis flap for recurrent pilonidal
disease. Iesalnieks I1, Deimel S, Schlitt HJ.
• J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Jan;63(1):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.07.017. Epub 2008 Nov
14.Superior gluteal artery perforator flap in the reconstruction of pilonidal sinus. Acartürk TO1, Parsak CK,
Sakman G, Demircan O.
• N Sungur; U Kocer; A Uysal. V-Y Rotation Advancement Fasciocutaneous Flap for Excisional Defects of
Pilonidal Sinus. Plast. Reconstr.
Surg. 117: 2448, 2006
• Y Bas; H Canbaz; A Aksoy. Reconstruction of Extensive Pilonidal Sinus Defects With the Use of S-GAP Flaps.
Ann Plast Surg 2008;61: 197–200
• A Turan; C Isler,; SC Bas. A New Flap for Reconstruction of Pilonidal Sinus
• Lumbar Adipofascial Turnover Flap. Ann Plast Surg 2007;58: 411–415
• Comparison of Limberg and Dufourmentel flap in surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus disease Ali Tardu1, Adnan
Haşlak2, Beyza Özçınar2, Fatih Başak11İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Genel Cerrahi, İstanbul,
Türkiye
2Ergani Devlet Hastanesi, Genel Cerrahi, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

39. T H A N K Y O U . .