1. GROWTH
AND
DEVELOPMENT

2. MEANING OF GROWTH
An increase in the size of an organism or part of an organism, usually
as a result of an increase in the number of cells. Growth of an organism
may stop at maturity, as in the case of humans and other mammals, or
it may continue throughout life, as in many plants. In humans, certain
body parts, like hair and nails, continue to grow throughout life.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH
 Physical Development
 Heredity
 Physical and Normal Process
 Limited Span
 Visual Process
 Starting from Pre-natal Stage
 Measurable
 Maturity Stage During last Stage

4. GROWTH
o Refers generally to the physical growth, i.e. Growth from the fertilized egg at the
time of conception to the fully grown body of the adult.
o It means increase in the size of the various parts of the body

5. ACCORDING TO HURLOCK
GROWTH is change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features and
acquisition of new ones. e.g.: Height, Weight, Disappearance of temporary teeth
and Acquisition of Permanent teeth

6. ACCORDING TO CROW AND CROW(1962)
Growth refers to structural and
physiological changes

7. DEVELOPMENT
 Definition:
 Skinner:
Development is a continuous and gradual
Process
 Crow And Crow:(1965)
Development is concerned with growth as well
as those changes in behavior which results from
environmental situations.
 J.E. Anderson(1950):
Development does not consist merely of adding
inches to one’s height or improving one’s ability.
Instead development is a complex process of
integrating many structures and functions.

8. ACCORDING TO LIEBERT, POULOS AND
MARMOR (1979)
Development refers to a process of change in growth
and capability over time, as function of both
maturation and interaction with the environment.
Thus, development includes
 Growth
 Capability
 Maturation
 Interaction with the environment

9. DEVELOPMENT
It refers to the progressive changes that take place with
time in the behavior of the organism.

10. ACCORDING TO HURLOCK(1959)
Development means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly
predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience.

11.  Development is cumulative- Each change is the
culmination of prior growth and experience.
 Development is a result of interaction of Maturation
and Learning- Maturation refers to changes in a
developmental organism due to the unfolding and
ripening of abilities, characteristics, traits and
potentialities present at birth.
Learning denotes the changes in behavior
due to training or experience.

12.  Development is predictable- The rate of development
of each child at an early stage helps in predicting the
developments at a later stage.
 Development is spiral and non-linear- It is in the form
of a cork-screw.

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
Development implies overall change in
The term is used in purely physical sense. It shape, form or structure resulting in
generally refers to increase in size, length. improved working or functioning.
Changes in the quantitative aspects come into Changes in the quality or character rather
the domain of Growth. than the quantitative aspects comes in this
domain.

14. GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
 It is a part of  It is a comprehensive and
developmental process. wider term and refers to
overall changes in the
Development in its individual.
quantitative aspect is
 Development is a wider
termed as growth. and comprehensive term
 Growth does not continue and refers to overall
throughout life. It stops changes in the individual.
when maturity has been It continues throughout life
attained. and is progressive.
 Development involves
changes of an
 Growth involves body orderly, coherent type
changes. tending towards the goal
of maturity.

15. GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
 The changes produced by  Development implies
growth are the subject of improvement in functioning
measurement. They may and behavior and hence
be quantified. bring qualitative changes
which are difficult to be
measured directly. They are
assessed through keen
observation in behavioral
situations.
 Development is
 Growth is cellular . It takes organizational. It is
organization of all the parts
place due to the which growth and
multiplication of cells. differentiation have
produced.

16. GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
Growth may or may not Development is also possible
bring development. without growth.
E.g.: A child may grow fat E.g.: A child may not gain
but by becoming fat no height, weight or size but can
functional improvement have functional improvement
may take place.
in other aspects .

17. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Development is a
continuous
process (from birth
to death)

18. DEVELOPMENT
FOLLOWS A
DIRECTION AND
UNIFORM PATTERN
(ORDERLY
MANNER)
Cephalo-caudal
-from head to tail

19.  Proximo-
distal- from
nearer to far
apart

20. Locomotion-
Sequence of
development is
followed.

21. DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC
RESPONSES- REACTS TO THE STIMULI WITH THE WHOLE
BODY AND GRADUALLY LEARNS TO GIVE SPECIFIC
RESPONSES.

22. DEVELOPMENT IS A PRODUCT OF CONTRIBUTION OF HEREDITY
AND ENVIRONMENT-
IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO INDICATE EXACTLY IN WHAT PROPORTION
HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTE TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL.

23. DEVELOPMENT IS BOTH QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE-
WHILE GROWTH TAKES PLACE, THE FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE INDIVIDUAL ALSO IMPROVES.

24. THERE ARE WIDE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH PATTERN I.E.
DEVELOPMENT IS UNIQUE-
INDIVIDUALS DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER IN THEIR PATTERN AND RATE OF
GROWTH.

25. FACTOR AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
 Heridity
 Environment:1.Pre-Birth
 2.After Birth
 Education:

26. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
 Need of paying attention to individual differences of
the learners.
 Avoid comparing the child with others.
 Undue pressure should not be put on the students.
 Adapting learning programmes, procedures and
practices according to the level of students.

27.  Need of motivating the child to learn as development is a
continuous process.
 Need for correlating different subjects and examples to
daily life.
 Need for a pragmatic outlook so as to not place undue
demands on the child.
 Practice maxims of teaching like proceed from known to
unknown, concrete to abstract, simple to complex
 Use psychological methods of teaching.

28.  The learning experiences should be arranged suitably
according to the maturity of the child.
 The learning processes, experiences and environment
should be arranged according to the level and needs of
the students.
 A good environment should be provided to the
students, as it plays an important role in the development
of the child.