It gives a brief idea about recent facts related to organ donation in India and clears doubts regarding Organ donation. Explains about need, types of donation, legislation, and coordinating bodies.
4. Outline
Need of organ donation
Types of Organ Donation
Which Organs can be Donated
Concept of brain death
Common conditions leading to brain death
Diagnosis of brain death
Myths related to organ donation
Religious views towards organ donation
5. What is need?
Corneal blindness is very common in India.
More than 3 million cases in India.
60% are <12 years age group.
Only 1.5 lakh/year corneal donations in India.
6. What is need?
1.5 Lakh new Kidney disease patient every
year and only 750 benefitted with renal
transplant.
More than 5 million patients suffering from
liver diseases
50,000 patients dying due to heart diseases
India is diabetes capital (2nd in world)
7. Skin Donation
Life saving for burn patients.
It makes wound healing FAST.
Skin is removed using specialized
knife and preserved like a roll.
Skin is taken from un exposed parts of
the body: No Disfigurement of body
after Skin Donation
There is a provision of SKIN BANK to
preserve donated skin.
8. Situation in INDIA
Annually 1.6 lakh people die due to Road Traffic Accidents.
67% death occurs usually due to Brain stem death.
It means that there are 93000 potential organ donors every year.
But in reality, only 0.05 people donate their organs per 1 lakh
population.
The rate of organ donation is highest in Spain (35 per 1 lakh
population)
In India, Tamilnadu ranks first among all states.
9. What Can be Donated by living donor?
Kidney
Blood
Lungs
Part of liver Liver
Part of Pancreas
Living Donor
Bone marrow
10. 2 eyes
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
All Bones & tendons
Blood vessels
2 Kidneys
Intestine
Muscles & ligaments
Cartilages
Skin & Fascia
Larynx
2 hands
Penis
20 Fingers
What can donated after BSD?
12. Deceased Donors
Per Million Population
24.25
21.7
21.65
21.5
20
18.1
13.15
12.96
12.18
10.62
6.1
4.3
2.7
0.75
0.12
0.05
33.68
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Spain
Austria
Portugal
Beligium
USA
France
Italy
Canada
United Kingdom
Germany
Australia
HK
Singapore
Taiwan
Korea
Philippines
Japan
de Villa VH, Chen CL, et al. Transplantation 2003; 75:S2 (Modified from)
15. Concept of Death
Ultimate reality of life
Something fearful and unwanted
No discussion
End point
Clinically cessation of cardio-respiratory
function
18. Common Causes of Brain Death
Head injury
Intra cerebral
hemorrhage
Ischemic brain
damage
Tumor
Hanging
Drowning
19. Diagnosis of Brain stem death
(According to Harward criteria)
Unreceptivity and unresponsivity
No movements or breathing
No reflexes
Only in ICU settings
20. HOTA act-1994
Brain death a legally accepted form
Establish criteria for brain death declaration
Two independent teams to declare
Two brain death declarations with 6 hr interval
Donation only with consent of next of kin
Sale of such organs are prohibited
After amendment in 2013, it is called as TOHO
(Transplantation of human organs) & Tissue act
21. Some recent Amendments in
LAW
SWAP donation permitted.
Grand parents and grand children
included in NEAR RELATIVES.
To prepare separate regional level and
State level Waiting list of Organ
Recipients.
Provision of Appropriate Authority in
case of Donor if Living.
22. Government control
ZTCC
•Maintains list of hospitals registered
for organs retrieval and
transplantation.
•Maintains waiting list of patients
who are desirous for organs.
• carries fair distribution of organs
based on waiting list.
• waiting list is prepared on the basis
of- Age
- Severity of disease
- Prognosis/expected survival after
transplant
Organ
Retrieving
Hospitals
Organs
Transplantin
g hospitals
Multi-
organs
transplant
centres
Government control
(As per HOTA act-1994)
ZTCC
No hospital can transplant organ without prior information or permission of ZTCC.
23. 1. Today's date there are 55000 waiting for
OD.
2. At every 16 minutes, new one is added to
the list.
3. 10 die daily from the list without the organ.
Tamilnadu is the leading state in India in
OD.
New concept of SWAP donation is also
emerging out
HLA matching is mandatory for all OD
except Cornea, skin, bones.
Some Facts
In Maharashtra, First tissue bank was started in Tata memorial hospital Mumbai
Rates of OD-
India- 0.16/million
population
USA – 22/million
population
Spain- 36/million
population
24. More than 50 organs can be
donated after Brain Stem Death
25. Exclusion Criteria (for Deceased Donor)
Absolute
◦ Age>70 Yrs
◦ Renal disease
◦ Malignancy
◦ Hypertension & infective heart diseases
◦ Intravenous drug abuse
◦ Seropositive
◦ Rabies
Relative
◦ Age <6years or >60 years
◦ Mild Hypertension
◦ Early Diabetes
26. Problems in Promoting
Organ Donation
Religious myths
Professional Ignorance
Apathy to the cause
Shy/afraid of discussing donation
Don’t know –what to do????
Scared of bad reputation
Fear of litigation
Poor communication
27. Religious Views: Hinduism
Believe in rebirth of the soul
Body is cremated after death
Human form is the highest in the order of re-
births before the soul reaches the creator
Sacrifice to the fellow humans considered
equivalent to service to god
Religious laws and scriptures do not prohibit
organ donation
28. Religious Views: Islam
Until early 90s the religious leaders failed to
approve of organ donation
Mid 90s the religious leader in saudi (mecca)
passed a fatwa, making organ donation after
death permissible under islamic law
29. Religious Views: Christian
Catholics view organ donation as an act of
charity
Ethically and morally acceptable to the vatican
Pope john paul ii has given his support to
organ donation
Protestant groups generally endorse organ
donation
30. Overall Religious Views
All other major religions such as Sikhism, Buddhism
and Jainism do not oppose organ donation and
share similar views as that of hinduism
LIFE IS AMAZING… PASS IT ON…!!!
31. Positive Changes
Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachhan, Jaya Bhachhan, Rajnikanth,
Amir Khan and many other film personalities have pledged their
Eyes at different times on media
Anil Kumble, Sunil Shetty, Yukta Mukhi, Revathi Menon
and Madhavan have endorsed their views on multi-organ donation
32.
33.
34. You don’t need to be DOCTOR to
save LIVES !!!
I am an ORGAN DONOR…
Are YOU….???