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Similar to Chap014 MIS (20)
Chap014 MIS
- 1. 1
Chapter
14
Computer Software
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- 2. 2
Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring
in computer software.
Give examples of several major types of
application and system software.
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- 3. 3
Learning Objectives (continued)
Explain the purpose of several popular
software packages for end user productivity
and collaborative computing.
Outline the functions of an operating system.
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- 4. 4
Learning Objectives (continued)
Describethe main uses of software
programming languages and tools.
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- 5. 5
Section I
Application Software:
End User Applications
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- 6. 6
Software
Types of software
Application software
System software
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- 7. 7
Software (continued)
Application software for end users
Application-specific
General-purpose
Perform common information processing
jobs
Sometimes known as productivity
packages
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- 8. 8
Software Suites and Integrated Packages
Suites are a number of productivity packages
bundled together
Microsoft Office
Lotus SmartSuite
Corel WordPerfect Office
Sun StarOffice
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- 9. 9
Software Suites and Integrated Packages (continued)
Advantages of suites
Cost
Similar graphical user interface
Share common tools
Programs are designed to work together
Disadvantages of suites
Large size
Many features never used by many end
users
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- 10. 10
Software Suites and Integrated Packages (continued)
Integrated Packages
Combine SOME of the features of several
programs
Cannot do as much as individual packages
or suites
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- 11. 11
Web Browsers
Key software interface to the hyperlinked
resources of the World Wide Web and the rest
of the Internet
Internet Explorer
Netscape Communicator
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- 12. 12
Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging
E-Mail
Has changed the way people work and
communicate
Instant Messaging
An e-mail/computer conferencing hybrid
technology
Allows real time
communication/collaboration
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- 13. 13
Word Processing and Desktop Publishing
Word Processing
Has computerized the creation, editing,
revision, and printing of documents.
Advanced features
Desktop Publishing
Design and print newsletters, brochures,
manuals, and books
Page design process
Page makeup or page composition
WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get)
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- 14. 14
Electronic Spreadsheets
Used for business analysis, planning, and
modeling
Involves designing its format and developing
the relationships (formulas)
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- 15. 15
Electronic Spreadsheets (continued)
Allows end users to perform:
What-if
Goal-seeking
Sensitivity analysis
Strength
Computation and calculation
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- 16. 16
Database Management
Performs four primary tasks
Database development
Define/organize content, relationships, and
structure of the data
Database Interrogation
Selectively retrieve and display
information
Produce forms, reports, & other
documents
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- 17. 17
Database Management (continued)
Four primary tasks (continued)
Database maintenance
Add, delete, update, and correct the data
Application development
Develop prototypes of web pages, queries,
forms, reports, and labels
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- 18. 18
Database Management (continued)
Strength
Storage of large amounts of data
Weakness
Computation and calculation
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Presentation Graphics
Helps convert numeric data into graphic
displays
Helps prepare multimedia presentations
Easy to use
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- 20. 20
Personal Information Managers
For end user productivity and collaboration
Store, organize, and retrieve information
Information about customers
Appointments
Contact lists
Task lists
Schedules
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- 21. 21
Groupware
Collaboration software
Helps workgroups and teams work together to
accomplish group assignments
Combines a variety of software features and functions
E-mail
Discussion groups and databases
Scheduling
Task management
Audio and videoconferencing
Data sharing
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- 22. 22
Other Business Software
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- 23. 23
Section II
System Software:
Computer System Management
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- 24. 24
System Software Overview
Programs that manage and support a
computer system and its information
processing activities
Serves as the software interface between
computer networks and hardware and the
application programs of end users
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- 25. 25
System Software Overview (continued)
Two major categories
System management programs
Operating systems
Network management programs
Database management systems
System utilities
System development programs
Programminglanguage translators & editors
CASE (computer-aided software engineering)
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- 26. 26
Operating Systems
Integrated system of programs that
Manages the operations of the CPU
Controls the input/output and storage
resources and activities of the computer
system
Provides various support services as the
computer executes application programs
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- 27. 27
Operating Systems (continued)
Performs five basic functions
Provides a user interface
Allows humans to communicate with the
computer
Command-driven
Menu-driven
Graphical user interface
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- 28. 28
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
Resource management
Manages the hardware and networking
resources of the system
Virtual memory capability
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- 29. 29
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
File management
Controls the creation, deletion, and access
of files of data and programs
Keeps track of the physical location of files
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- 30. 30
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
Task management
Manages the accomplishment of the
computing tasks of end users
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Timesharing
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- 31. 31
Operating Systems (continued)
Popular Operating Systems
Windows
95, 98, ME
NT
2000
XP
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- 32. 32
Operating Systems (continued)
Popular operating systems (continued)
UNIX
Linux
Mac OS X
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- 33. 33
Network Management Programs
Perform functions such as
Automatically checking client PCs and video
terminals for input/output activity
Assigning priorities to data communication
requests from clients and terminals
Detecting and correcting transmission
errors and other network problems
Sometimes functions as middleware that
allows diverse networks to communicate
with each other
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- 34. 34
Database Management Systems
Controls the development, use, and
maintenance of databases.
Helps organizations use their integrated
collections of data records and files
Allows different user application programs to
easily access the same database
Simplifies the process of retrieving
information from databases
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- 35. 35
Other System Management Programs
Utility Programs
Perform miscellaneous housekeeping and file
conversion functions
Data backup
Data recovery
Virus protection
Data compression
Data defragmentation
Performance monitors and security monitors
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- 36. 36
Programming Languages
Allows a programmer to develop the sets of
instructions that constitute a computer
program
Machine Language
First generation language
Written using binary codes unique to each
computer
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- 37. 37
Programming Languages (continued)
Assembler Language
Second generation
Requires language translator programs
called assemblers
Allows a computer to convert the
instructions into machine instructions
Frequently called symbolic language
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- 38. 38
Programming Languages (continued)
High-level Languages
Third generation
Uses instructions, called statements, that
use brief statements or arithmetic
expressions
Uses translator programs called compilers
or interpreters
Syntax and semantics
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- 39. 39
Programming Languages (continued)
Fourth-generation Languages (4GLs)
More nonprocedural and conversational
than prior languages
Natural languages
Ease of use gained at the expense of some
loss in flexibility
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- 40. 40
Programming Languages (continued)
Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)
Ties data elements to the procedures or
actions that will be performed on them into
“objects”
Easier to use and more efficient for
programming GUIs
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- 41. 41
Programming Languages (continued)
HTML, XML, and Java
Important for building multimedia Web
pages, websites, and Web-based applications
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
A page description language that creates
hypertext or hypermedia documents
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- 42. 42
Programming Languages (continued)
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Describes the contents of web pages by
applying identifying tags or contextual
labels to the data
Makes the web site more searchable,
sortable, and easier to analyze
Java
Designed for real-time, interactive, Web-
based network applications
Applets
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- 43. 43
Programming Software
Helps programmers develop computer
programs
Two basic categories
Programming language translators
Programming tools
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- 44. 44
Programming Software (continued)
Language Translator Programs
Assembler
Translates symbolic instruction codes into
machine language instructions
Compiler
Translates high-level language statements
Interpreter
Translates and executes each statement in
a program one at a time
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- 45. 45
Programming Software (continued)
Programming Tools
Programming editors and debuggers
Provides a computer-aided programming
environment or workbench
Diagramming packages
Code generators
Libraries of reusable objects & code
Prototyping tools
CASE
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- 46. 46
Discussion Questions
What major trends are occurring in software?
What capabilities do you expect to see in
future software packages?
How do the different roles of system software
and application software affect you as a
business end user? How do you see this
changing in the future?
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- 47. 47
Discussion Questions (continued)
Why is an operating system necessary? Why
can’t an end user just load an application
program in a computer and start computing?
Should a Web browser be integrated into an
operating system?
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- 48. 48
Discussion Questions (continued)
Are software suites, Web browsers, and
groupware merging together? What are the
implications for a business and its end users?
How are HTML, XML, and Java affecting
business applications on the Web?
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- 49. 49
Discussion Questions (continued)
Do you think Windows 2000 and Linux will
surpass Unix and Netware as operating
systems for network and Web servers?
Which application software packages are the
most important for a business end user to
know how to use?
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- 50. 50
Real World Case 1 – Intuit Inc.
Why has Intuit’s success improved under
Bennett’s leadership?
What are several things Intuit could do to
successfully compete with Microsoft and
others in the future?
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- 51. 51
Real World Case 1 (continued)
Why does Intuit dominate its small-business
software market segment?
What software products and services does
Intuit have that might support Bennett’s
strategy to appeal to larger small businesses?
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- 52. 52
Real World Case 1 (continued)
Do you agree with CEO Bennett’s strategy to
have Intuit compete with Microsoft in the
software market for larger small businesses?
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Real World Case 2 – Amazon, Orbitz, and Others
The Business Case for Linux
What are the business and technical benefits
of switching from proprietary systems to
Linux on Intel-based servers?
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- 54. 54
Real World Case 2 (continued)
Why can Linux make a strategic difference in
the profitability of some companies?
What are the limitations of Linux for business
use?
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Real World Case 2 (continued)
Should most companies investigate the use of
Linux for their businesses?
Why or why not?
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Real World Case 3 – Burlington Coat Factory and Others
Evaluating Software Suite Alternatives
What is the business case for switching from
Microsoft Office to alternatives like Sun
StarOffice or gobeProductive?
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Real World Case 3 (continued)
What is the business case against such a
switch?
What are the weaknesses of the “Office”
competitors?
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- 58. 58
Real World Case 3 (continued)
What are several business or technical
improvements the developers of Sun
StarOffice or gobeProductive could make to
better compete with Microsoft Office?
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- 59. 59
Real World Case 4 – Clark Retail & Others
Evaluating Operating System Upgrades
Why do many companies have no plans to
switch to Windows XP?
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Real World Case 4 (continued)
What is a business case for switching to
Windows XP?
What is a business case against switching?
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- 61. 61
Real World Case 4 (continued)
What are several improvements you would
like to see Microsoft make in the next version
of Windows?
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- 62. 62
Real World Case 5 – Dollar Rent A Car & Imperial Sugar
Pioneering Web Services
What are Web services?
How are they used?
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- 63. 63
Real World Case 5 (continued)
What is the purpose and business value of
Web services?
What is delaying the implementation of Web
services at many companies?
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- 64. 64
Real World Case 5 (continued)
What can companies do now to prepare to
implement Web services?
What do you see as the future for Web
services?
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