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1. introduction
1.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY In an industrialized nation, manufacturing is the main wealth creating activity. About 1/3 of the value of all goods & services produced in a nation Manufacturing Definition
2.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Definition
3.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Definition Ref.: OECD(2004), ( )는 국가별 수위도시 인구비중
4.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Various Concepts of National Income Gross National Product (GNP) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Net National Product (NNP)/National Income Personal Income Definition
5.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY GNP (국민 총 생산) The total money value of all final goods & services produced by the residents of a country in one year period GNP = C + I + G + (X – M) C = Consumption Expenditure I = Investment G = Government Expenditures X – M = Net Exports Definition
6.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY GDP (국내 총 생산) The total market value at current prices of all final goods & services produced within a year by the factors of production located within a country Distinction between GDP and GNP GDP = GNP – Net Foreign Income from Abroad Definition
7.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Main thrusts in manufacturing engineering Automation CAD/CAM/CAE/… Manufacture with higher precision precision engineering Sustainable Manufacture green growth, green economy, … Definition
8.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Various Definitions Precision engineering may be broadly defined as work at the forefont of current technology, implicitly in the field of metrology and manufacturing technology [McKeown]. The achievement of dimensions & tolerances in the order of 0.01 mm and surface roughness of 0.001 mm (1 nm) Any technology related to features of nanometer scale: thin film, fine particles, chemical synthesis, advanced microlithography, and so forth [Drexler]. The technology of manufacture to dimensions or tolerances in the range of 0.1 – 100 nm (from the size of the atom to the wavelength of light) [Franks]. Definition
9.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Accuracy the degree of closeness of a measured OR calculated quantity to its actual (true) value Precision the degree of reproducibility Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
10.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
11.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY High precision, but low accuracyHigh accuracy, but low precision Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
12.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Suppose you machine a certain dimension of a part to length L. machine with a machine tool measure the machined parts with a sufficiently accurate instrument plot the results as the frequency distribution Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
13.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY _ y _ y Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
14.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bias the difference between the mean value & specified dimension Mathematical expression dm = L – where, L = specified (or nominal) dimension, = sample mean _ x _ x Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
15.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Probability Distribution The probability distribution of a discrete random variable (r.v.) a list of probabilities associated with each of its possible values The probability density function of a continuous r.v. a function which can be integrated to obtain the probability that the r.v. takes a value in a given interval. Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
16.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Probability Distribution A random variable is a function that associates a unique numerical value with every outcome of an experiment. A coin is tossed ten times. The r.v. X is the number of tails that are noted. X can only take the values 0,1,....,10, so X is a discrete r.v. A light bulb is burned until it burns out. The r.v. Y is its lifetime in hours. Y can take any positive real value, so Y is a continuous r.v. Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
17.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Population mean, m the mean of a probability distribution (=population) Mathematically y continuous y discrete m = E(y), where, E = expected value operator. Sample mean, A point estimator of a population mean (=the mean of a sample) n x x i _ m n 1i ii )y(Py )y(yf Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness _ x
18.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Accuracy, = t-distribution value when the degree of freedom is f = n-1 and the probability is (1-a). n = the sample size (i.e. number of data points used) a = the significance level n = the unbiased variance a non-negative number which gives an idea of how widely spread the values of the random variable are likely to be. n x) 2 ,(t na fd d ) 2 ,(t a f n 1i 2 i )xx( 1n 1 n Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
19.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Unbiased The long-run average or expected value of the point estimator should be the parameter that is being estimated. E( ) = = = = = m ∴ is an unbiased estimator of m. y n y E n 1i i n 1i iyE n 1 n 1i iyE n 1 n 1in 1 m y Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
20.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Example If we take n = 21 and n = 4 mm2 with a = 0.05 = 95% reliability, = ? ∴ = 0.192 mm. The accuracy of the machining process is evaluated as 0.192 mm with a probability of 0.95 (or 95% reliability). ) 2 ,(t a f n x) 2 ,(t na fd Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
21.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
22.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Precision, e measured by how small the dispersion e is from the mean value Mathematically Example = 4.18 mm. this machining process has a precision of 4.18 mm with a probability of 0.95. n a fe x) 2 ,(t n a fe x) 2 ,(t Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
23.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY _ y _ y Why high precision? Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
24.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY State of Current Technology PE is the science underlying the manufacture of high precision machinery. Traditional precision machines: watches and cameras Computers and their peripheral equipments Video equipments Aerospace equipments, measuring equipments (including astronomical telescopes, etc.) High precision machine tools Telecommunication devices Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
25.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Hard disk drive Aluminum alloy disk + magnetic head Rotational speed = 5,200 ~ 7,200 RPM Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
26.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Hard disk drive RPM is getting higher. ball bearing air bearing aluminum alloy disk ceramic disk Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
27.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Boeing B747-200 Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
28.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY a = 0.3~1.0 mm ± 0.02 mm q = 5° Plane-reflection type diffraction grating The critical component of spectroscope A spectroscope is a device that lets us find out what things are made of. It works by taking light and splitting it up into its component colors. Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
29.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Shaper-type ruling engine engraves grooves spaced at 600 to 1200 lines per mm. = 83 grooves onto the width of a hair, about 100 mm. accumulated pitch error must not exceed 0.2 mm for 1200 grooves. Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
30.
© 2008-2015 Young-Woo
Park PrecisionEngineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Precision, Accuracy, & Smoothness
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