Toni Menninger

sustainability quantitative sustainability food security global warming population growth mathematics statistics agricultural productivity economic growth doubling time economics growth rate united states energy efficiency exponential growth carbon cycle food system stock and flow model feedback loops system model climate system descriptive statistics inferential statistics confidence interval semilogarithmic scale food and agriculture organization urbanization fractional growth rate consumption gdp health expenditures conservation climate change externalities energy sustainability solar energy population laws of thermodynamics energy crisis renewable energy energy exponential function growth income age gap polls election forecast models random sampling election forecasting voter turnout elections spatial distribution of population urban growth urban extent city limits excel percentiles central tendency deciles variation quartiles five-number summary statistical significance hypothesis testing iq racism charles murray richard herrnstein the bell curve curve theory; general helix; slant helix; curves o food production energy intensity quantitative analysis decoupling energy use spreadsheet resource use efficiency resource consumption sustainability science radioactive decay energy consumption logarithm global justice systems approach green revolution food waste world hunger energy crops meat consumption grain-based diet photosynthesis meat-based diet efficiency practice problems education ethanol science numeracy energy security quantitative competence energy literacy ecosystem services external costs tax bads not goods ecology pigouvian taxes genuine progress indicator gpi frenetsche ableitungsgleichungen curves of constant precession spherical helix helix kurventheory slant helix frenet equations kruemmung boeschungslinie curvature curve theory kreisellinie torsion frenet theory land consumption population weighted density census geographies u.s. census census tract census geography urban geography metropolitan area index of dissimilarity urbanized area population density geospatial data census block elinor ostrom tragedy of the commons garrett hardin privatization open access common property 7 billion solar water cooker pv water heating clean energy biofuels wind energy birth control japan population stabilization china zero population growth india united nations mercantilism energy return on investment eroi nuclear energy photovoltaics global population demographic crisis overpopulation demographics peak oil fossil fuels