Seminar Presentation on Autonomous Cars

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING:
A CASE STUDY ON
AUTONOMOUS CARS
BY
AMAL JOSE
Btech Mechanical

2. INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from,
understand, and interact with one’s environment.
 To respond to situations very flexibly
 To recognize the relative importance of different elements
of situations
 To find similarities between situations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the
human brain. Proposed by Alan Turing(1950), a British
Computer Scientist.
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3. A.I. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 It can be termed as Machine intelligence. It combines a
wide variety of advanced technologies to give machine
the ability to learn, adapt, make decisions and display
behaviors not explicitly programmed into their original
capabilities.
 Different Areas:
 Robotics
 Speech Recognition
 Facial Recognition
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navigation
mapping
motion planning
object recognition

4. AUTONOMOUS CARS
• It is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to
another without assistance from a driver; in other
words, with an autopilot system
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5. MAIN COMPONENTS OF
AUTONOMOUS CARS
GPS
LIDAR
RADAR
VIDEO CAMERAS
POSITION ESTIMATOR
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6. Components
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7. COMPONENTS
 GPS
 It gives the position of the car using satellites in a map
like google map
 GPS interacts with Map and acts like a database
 Map Gives information about upcoming intersections,
traffic Report, directions, paths
 LIDAR-Light Detection And Ranging
 heart of Autonomous Car
 It is rotating sensor on the roof producing
laser beam
 Scans more than 200ft in all directions.
 Makes a precise 3D map of surroundings.
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8. COMPONENTS
 RADAR
 It helps to determine the position of distant object.
 There are radar sensors in the front and back of the
car.
 VIDEO CAMERA
 Mounted near the rear view mirror.
 Detects traffic lights
 Detects moving objects
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9. COMPONENTS
POSITION ESTIMATOR
Mounted on left rear wheel
Measures small movement of the
car and
Accurately locates its position on
the map
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10. OTHER TECHNOLOGIES MAKING THE CAR
FULLY AUTONOMOUS
Adaptive cruise control
Adaptive highbeams
Traffic signal recognition
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11. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
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Cruise control keeps the car at a constant speed by taking
over the throttle of the car
It also maintain a set distance between it and the car in front
of it
Uses either a radar setup allowing the vehicle to slow when
approaching another vehicle and accelerate again to the preset
speed when traffic allows

12. ADAPTIVE HIGHBEAM
Automatically and
continuously adapts
the headlamp range
to the distance of
vehicles ahead or
which are oncoming.
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13. TRAFIC SIGNAL RECOGNITION
 A sensor “actinometer “ is used to detect the intensity
of radiation
 Light of different colors will radiate different -2-
intensity of radiation
 Which will be detected by the sensor
 If the detected intensity is of red color or yellow color
 The controller will send a command to stop the
vehicle
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14. ACTUATION
 By coordinating the inputs from sensors and the
technologies above mentioned E.C.U.
(Engine/Electronic Control Unit) determines the path,
speed, direction etc by controlling the throttle, steering,
brakes etc.
 (ECU) is a generic term for any embedded system that
controls one or more of the electrical systems or
subsystems in a motor vehicle.
 ECU include Throttle control unit, steering control
unit,brake control unit and many other control units
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15.  ADVANTAGES OF AUTONOMOUS CARS
 Less traffic collisions
 increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic
congestion
 Reduction of physical road signage
 High Energy efficiency
 humans are not required to take the car, robots
can be used
 Can find out current position of car by GPS.
 Less space is needed for parking
 DISADVANTAGES
 Chance of hacking.
 Failure of sensor can create a chance of accident
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16. RECENTLY DEVELOPED AUTONOMOUS CARS
Google driverless car
Volkswagen Golf GTI
Audi TTS
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17. CONCLUSION
There is no doubt about future of automotive field
and that will be AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE. But the
biggest hurdles will be legal, not technical. For
example, who is responsible when one of these cars
gets in an accident? And how will the police pull over
an autonomous car if they need to? If this problem is
solved autonomous cars will have a bigger impact on
society than when the first horseless carriages
appeared over a century ago.
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18. REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driverless_car
http://www.darpa.mil/our work
Electrical machines and automatic control by
J.b.gupta
http://autocontrols.com.au/
http://www.howstuffworks.com/cruise-
control
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19. THANK YOU
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22. ECU
• Airbag Control Unit (ACU)
• Body Control Module controls door locks, electric windows, courtesy lights, etc.
• Convenience Control Unit (CCU)
• Door Control Unit
• Engine Control Unit (ECU)—not to be confused with electronic control unit, the generic term
for all these devices
• Electric Power Steering Control Unit (PSCU)— Generally this will be integrated into the EPS
powerpack.
• Human Machine Interface (HMI)
• Powertrain Control Module (PCM): Sometimes the functions of the Engine Control Unit and
Transmission Control Unit are combined into a single unit called the Powertrain Control
Module.
• Seat Control Unit
• Speed Control Unit
• Telephone Control Unit (TCU)
• Transmission Control Unit (TCU)
• Brake Control Module (ABS or ESC)
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23. errors they detect from each other
and from every satellite. A DGPS
receiver can pick up this range
error information and correlate it
with the satellite signals it is
receiving, to find out its true
position . The accuracy is
dependent on how fast the
reference receivers broadcast their
signals. 23

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