Unn Research Workshop (Oct09) Pt3

Dissertation Workshop (UNN): Plagiarism & Referencing

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More Comments on Lit. Review

Structuring your lit.review

E.g. packaging

Importance of packaging (theory, models, etc.)

Trends in packaging (from flashy to small, etc.)

Recent issues/problems

E.g. brand name

Importance of brand name for promotion

Factors impacting significance of brands

Why do some brands succeed and others fail?

E.g. financing of SMEs’ in China

Brief history of SME financing

Options (official and ‘under-ground’)

Govt. regulations and policies

Most common problems

Title must not be too vague

Your Checklist by now…

Make sure you have a good title

Make sure you know what research methods you plan to use

Make sure you’re citing/referencing correctly (this session)

Plagiarism is…

“ the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own .”

72% In the United States… … of students admitted cheating on a written assignment Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers University Source: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003 < http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp >.

What are the Consequences?

Class ID: 2951949 Password: choykee TURN-IT-IN Password

Is it worth the risk?

“ 0” on the assignment

Referral to administrators

Suspension or dismissal from school and/or activities

Note on student record

Loss of reputation among the school community

Loss of job

Prosecution

THE SOLUTION?

Paraphrasing is…

Presenting someone else’s essential ideas and information in your own language

Why Paraphrase?!

Avoid plagiarism!

Provide support (or give examples) for your writing

Demonstrate you’ve read broadly / deeply

Highlight / Target a position you wish to support or disagree with

Highlight ‘cool’ phrases

3 STEPS TO PARAPHRASING

#1 Use your own words

Use synonyms

More than half of the business women who attended the conference were in business with their husbands The terrible accident on the Karak Highway was the result of bad weather. Raw honey is believed to be an ancient treatment for healing wounds. There has been unrest in most parts of the region due to the civil war.

Interchange active and passive voices

Andrew repaired the machine. The problem was due to the electrical circuits being wired wrongly.

On Tuesday night, a heavy storm ravaged Kuala Lumpur. The storm destroyed dozens of houses and buildings in the inner city.

#2 Give credit to original author

Cite it right! b ) Use quotes for key words and phrases

Examples “ We live in the shadow of the sixties. Of all the artificial constructs by which we delineate our immediate past, ‘the sixties’ have the greatest purchase on the mass imagination. They stand rightly or not, as the dominant myth of the modern era” Green, J. (1999) All Dressed Up: Sixties and the Counter-Culture, London: Jonathan Cape Ltd

Words to use when citing

Green (1999) argues…

Green (1999) reports…

Green (1999) concludes…

Green (1999) finds…

Green (1999) states…

Green (1999) observes…

Green (1999) notes…

#3 Compare what you wrote with the original text

Check it!

Are main ideas and substance covered?

Are there key words and phrases?

Did you use your own words and modify sentence structure?

Did you give credit to author?

Spot the mistakes (1) Copied word for word without attribution - Plagiarism Original “ At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.” Student’s Work At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (2) The 2nd sentence is directly lifted but only the 1st is attributed – Plagiarism Original “ At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.” Student’s Work Green (1999) points out the inevitability of encountering the word ‘revolution’ when looking at the sixties. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (3) This is still plagiarism. The essay example just exchanges one word for another. Original “ At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.” Student’s Work At the core of any discussion of what occurred during the sixties, one unavoidably meets the word ‘revolution’. For the intention of this discussion, it is necessary to separate the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (4) The source is correctly referenced. No plagiarism. Original “ At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.” Student’s Work Green (1999) argues that any discussion of ‘the sixties’ inevitably involves use of the term ‘revolution’. In his book, he chooses to divide this ‘revolution’ into two distinct parts.

Exercises!

Paraphrase the below

“Being overweight can cause sleep problems, including clogged airways that constrain breathing. But because a lack of sleep actually triggers the hormones that boost hunger and appetite, sleeping too little can also rise your chances of getting fat.”