GENETICS RESOURCES OF VERACRUZ

Mejoramiento Genético Forestal Germoplasma Forestal Variación y Biosistemática Biotecnología Forestal Manejo integral, producción forestal y recursos naturales Detección y uso de Marcadores Moleculares

MUSHROOMS OF VERACRUZ Armando López R. Instituto de Genética Forestal UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA

Foresters by definition grows trees

Fungi are not trees

Trees requiere Fungi to survive

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between mushrooms and plants. mycelium roots

A forest without fungi Never!

All Fungi are important to tree farmers Wuahu!

If Fungi are important to trees How should they be managed?

Mycelium Fruiting bodies The mycelium grows underground grass soil

Big mycelium Many mycelia How many mycelia?

Ecosystem Services Conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that are part of them, help sustain and fulfill human life.

Ecosystem services are essential to civilization Ecosystem services operate on such a grand scale and in such intrincate and little explored ways that most could not be replaced by technology.

Ecosystem services are essential to civilization

Ecosystem services operate on such a grand scale and in such intrincate and little explored ways that most could not be replaced by technology.

Environmental Services Ecosystem Goods Services Forest Ecosystems Food, Medicine, Chemical products Genetic Resources Cycle nutrients Maintain Biodiversity Generate soil Provide employment Provide human and wildlife habitat Contribute aesthetic beauty and provide recreation As printed in World Resources 2000-2001 Fungi

Cycle nutrients

Maintain Biodiversity

Generate soil

Provide employment

Provide human and wildlife habitat

Contribute aesthetic beauty and provide recreation

1. Edible 2. Medicine 3. Micorrhizal 4. Fungal biodiversity

Edible Wild Mushrooms

Mushrooms harvesting is now a big business.

Wild Mushrooms Tricholoma magnivelare “ hongo blanco”

Few years ago the matsutake generated $ 20 millions in Oregon Some pickers gathered 230 pounds in one day, the price can be from $10 to $40 or even $600 USD In Mexico $15 USD by pound.

TRUFFLES Tuber spp. Associated with oaks

The most expensive fungus on earth. California produce in some areas between 300 to 1300 pounds of Tuber per acre per year. This amounts $ 60, 000 to $ 260, 000 USD per acre of fungi annually. Some 2 to 3 lbs. specimens cost $ 3,000 to $ 3, 600 USD. France produce 60, 000 pounds of truffles $ 200 to $ 400 USD per pound.

Duraznillo Cantharellus cibarius The golden Chanterelle Mid or old growth tree stands

Some specimens may weight 2 pounds each A commercial picker may collect 300 pounds a day they receive $5, $16 USD by pound In Germany Are canned And sold to USA at $16 per pound

Panzas Porcini Boletus edulis

Products

Porcini is italian for little pig also is called The king bolete. There are two flushes of fruitings each year pickers can harvest 250 pounds per day at $1, $5, $40 USD per pound.

MAZORQUITAS Morchella crassipes Morels

People pay $ 16 USD per pound of wild morels

There are two patents for morel cultivation. Now one factory In Texas is cultivating Morels for Domino’s Pizza.

Grifola frondosa Hen of the woods Could be 60 pounds even 86 $ 6 USD per pound.

These mushrooms have been used in China & Japan for centuries. Oriental mushrooms contain some very complex substances, which are the subject of much current research. Maitake for instance has powerful antioxidant capabilities and can help to maintain a healthy immune system Each tablets contains 500mg of active ingredient. Maitake(Grifola frondosa) Mushroom Powder Description: greyish white powder, 200 mesh. Shelf life: 24 months

Sparassis crispa Cauliflower mushroom

We know more than 200 edible species Of wild mushrooms in the Veracruz State.

Local people collect mushrooms, they knows very well the edibles, the poisonous and medicinal.

TECOMATE Amanita caesarea

Trompa Russula brevipes Russula brevipes “ borregas”

Queshque Lactarius indigo

Escobetas, Pechugas Ramaria botritys

Tsensos Lyophyllum decastes

Chivitos, pata de chivo Clitocybe clavipes

Gachupines, Chile seco Helvella lacunosa

Trompa enchilada Hypomyces lactifluorum

Cultivated

SETAS Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivados

Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus amarillo Pleurotus citrinus

Pleurotus rosado Pleurotus ostreatoroseus

SHIITAKE Lentinula edodes Medicinal

SHIITAKE Old method

Sawdust method SHIITAKE

Enoki Flammulina velutipes

Nameko Pholiota nameko

Maitake Grifola frondosa

Cordyceps entomorrhiza

Ganoderma applanatum y G. lucidum Ling Shi, Reishi

The fly agaric Amanita muscaria

The FUNGA VERACRUZANA collection ilustrate the biodiversity Of fungal species who lives in the state of Veracruz.

The fungal biodiversity in the Veracruz state has been calculated in around of 36, 000 species. In 150 years of research has been recorded around 2, 000 species, and in my opinion could take us more than 300 years list the fungal biodiversity of our state superficially.

Mycology is fun

Ask the Students…