The document discusses using branching and subroutines in Microsoft Small Basic programs, explaining how to use Goto statements to branch code flow and Sub and EndSub statements to create subroutines for reusable code blocks that can be called from different parts of a program. It provides examples of programs that demonstrate branching with Goto labels and conditionals and creating subroutines to perform repetitive tasks like displaying the current hour.

1. Microsoft® Small Basic Branches and Subroutines Estimated time to complete this lesson: 1 hour

2. Code Branches and Subroutines In this lesson, you will learn how to: Create subroutines by using Sub and EndSub statements. Branch your code by using Goto statements.

3. Branching You can instruct the computer to process a line of code out of sequence if you use the Gotostatement. Sometimes, you may want the computer to break the flow and jump to another line of code while the program is running. As you know, the computer runs a program by reading and processing the statements line by line, one at a time.

4. Branching in Small Basic Programs Let’s examine the Goto statement and its various parts by writing a program. In this program, the lineQ: statement is called a label, which is similar to a bookmark. You can add as many labels as you want and name them whatever you want, as long as you don’t use the same name more than once. The Goto statement instructs the computer to run the statements after the lineQ: label again only if the condition in the If statement is true. output

5. Branching in Small Basic Programs You can also use the Goto statement to make a program run forever. Let’s see how Goto statements work by adding one to a familiar program. This program will continue to run until someone clicks the Close (X) button in the top-right corner of the text window.

6. Subroutines in Small Basic Programs When we write programs, we often want the computer to run certain statements more than once. You can avoid writing the same statements over and over if you use subroutines in your programs. By using a subroutine, you can run one or more statements with a single instruction. To create a subroutine, you use the Sub keyword, and then you give the subroutine a specific name. You end the subroutine by using the EndSub keyword. Look at the following subroutine named PrintHour, which opens a text window and displays the current hour.

7. Subroutines in Small Basic Programs Let’s gain a better understanding of subroutines by writing another program… In this program, we use the Divide( ) statement torun (or “call”) the subroutine Divide from any location within the program. output

8. Let’s Summarize… Congratulations! Now you know how to: Create a branch by using a Goto statement. Create a subroutine by using a Sub..EndSub statement.

10. Uses branching and subroutines to determine and display the total number of:

11. Cold Cities

12. Cool Cities

13. Warm Cities

14. Hot Cities

15. Rainy Cities

16. Windy Cities