Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change III. The West by 1750

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

III. The West by 1750

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce A. A New Spirit Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) Secular writing B. The Italian Renaissance Begins 14th, 15th centuries In northern Italy Italy Urbanized Merchant class Political rivalry Petrarch, Boccaccio Use Italian Secular topics Painting Use of perspective Shadow, distance Focus on humans Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

A. A New Spirit Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) Secular writing

B. The Italian Renaissance Begins 14th, 15th centuries

In northern Italy

Italy

Urbanized

Merchant class

Political rivalry

Petrarch, Boccaccio

Use Italian

Secular topics

Painting

Use of perspective

Shadow, distance

Focus on humans

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce B. The Italian Renaissance Michelango Buonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Nicolo Machiavelli Humanism Looking back to classical past Study of texts, especially ancient C. The Renaissance Moves Northward By 1500, impetus moves north Northern Renaissance France, Low Countries, England, Germany Thence to eastern Europe More concerned with religious matters William Shakespeare Miguel de Cervantes

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

B. The Italian Renaissance Michelango Buonarotti

Leonardo da Vinci

Nicolo Machiavelli

Humanism

Looking back to classical past

Study of texts, especially ancient

C. The Renaissance Moves Northward

By 1500, impetus moves north

Northern Renaissance

France, Low Countries, England, Germany

Thence to eastern Europe

More concerned with religious matters

William Shakespeare

Miguel de Cervantes

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce D. The Protestant and Catholic Reformations 1517, Martin Luther's challenge Attacks church institutions Bible the only authority Vernacular translations Protestant protest used for political gain German opposition to the papacy Rulers seize church lands Henry VIII Establishes Anglican church Jean Calvin Calvinism Predestination Catholic Reformation Renewal Jesuits Missionaries Education

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

D. The Protestant and Catholic Reformations

1517, Martin Luther's challenge

Attacks church institutions

Bible the only authority

Vernacular translations

Protestant protest used for political gain

German opposition to the papacy

Rulers seize church lands

Henry VIII

Establishes Anglican church

Jean Calvin

Calvinism

Predestination

Catholic Reformation

Renewal

Jesuits

Missionaries

Education

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce E. The End of Christian Unity in the West Religious Wars France Calvinists v. Catholics 1598, Edict of Nantes Promises Protestants’ toleration 30 Years War (1618-1648) Devastating to Germany Netherlands independent Literacy increases F. The Commercial Revolution Inflation, 16th century Gold, silver from New World Demand outstrips supply G. Social Protest Proletariat develops Attitudes towards poor change Protests Witchcraft hysteria Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

E. The End of Christian Unity in the West

Religious Wars

France

Calvinists v. Catholics

1598, Edict of Nantes

Promises Protestants’ toleration

30 Years War (1618-1648)

Devastating to Germany

Netherlands independent

Literacy increases

F. The Commercial Revolution Inflation, 16th century

Gold, silver from New World

Demand outstrips supply

G. Social Protest Proletariat develops

Attitudes towards poor change

Protests

Witchcraft hysteria

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change A. Did Copernicus Copy? Nicolai Copernicus Polish monk Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi? Earlier Arab scientists

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

A. Did Copernicus Copy? Nicolai Copernicus

Polish monk

Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi?

Earlier Arab scientists

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change B. Science: The New Authority New instruments add to data collection Galileo Galilei Uses Copernicus' work Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work William Harvey Circulatory system Methods Francis Bacon Empirical research René Descartes Skepticism Isaac Newton System of natural laws Deism God does not intervene with nature John Locke Use of reason

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change B. Science: The New Authority New instruments add to data collection

Galileo Galilei

Uses Copernicus' work

Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work

William Harvey

Circulatory system

Methods

Francis Bacon

Empirical research

René Descartes

Skepticism

Isaac Newton

System of natural laws

Deism

God does not intervene with nature

John Locke

Use of reason

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change C. Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies 17th century, medieval balance disrupted France dominates Centralized monarchy Bureaucracy “Absolute monarchy" Louis XIV the best example Nobles kept at court Other absolute monarchs Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary Territorial expansion England Difference Civil War Parliament triumphant Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change C. Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies 17th century, medieval balance disrupted

France dominates

Centralized monarchy

Bureaucracy

“Absolute monarchy"

Louis XIV the best example

Nobles kept at court

Other absolute monarchs

Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary

Territorial expansion

England

Difference

Civil War

Parliament triumphant

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change D. The Nation-State Definition Common language, culture National literature, songs, foods Territorial aspect Common allegiance

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change D. The Nation-State Definition

Common language, culture

National literature, songs, foods

Territorial aspect

Common allegiance

III. The West by 1750 A. Political Patterns Great change in central Europe Frederick the Great of Prussia Religious freedom State regulates economy Overseas commercial networks Continual warfare France v. Britain Rivalry over overseas territory Prussia v. Austria Territorial conflicts

III. The West by 1750

A. Political Patterns

Great change in central Europe

Frederick the Great of Prussia

Religious freedom

State regulates economy

Overseas commercial networks

Continual warfare

France v. Britain

Rivalry over overseas territory

Prussia v. Austria

Territorial conflicts

III. The West by 1750 B. Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment Scientific methods applied to other fields General principles People are good Reason the answer Belief in progress Political science Adam Smith Laissez-faire Criminology Society Women's rights Protection of children Attack inequities

III. The West by 1750

B. Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment

Scientific methods applied to other fields

General principles

People are good

Reason the answer

Belief in progress

Political science

Adam Smith

Laissez-faire

Criminology

Society

Women's rights

Protection of children

Attack inequities

III. The West by 1750 C. Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing Mass consumerism Agriculture Nitrogen-fixing crops Stockbreeding Swamp drainage Potatoes, etc. introduced Domestic system Households produce finished goods D. Innovation and Instability Change becomes the norm

III. The West by 1750

C. Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing

Mass consumerism

Agriculture

Nitrogen-fixing crops

Stockbreeding

Swamp drainage

Potatoes, etc. introduced

Domestic system

Households produce finished goods

D. Innovation and Instability Change becomes the norm