Alaa Sadik Ph.D, Hull, UK Department of Instructional & Learning Technologies College of Education www.AlaaSadik.net Workshop 3 Information & Instructional Technologies . Centre for Educational Technology

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PART ONE Types of Instructional Media PART TWO Message Design Information & Instructional Technologies PART THREE Utilization of Media & Technology PART FOUR Applications 1

PART ONE Types of Instructional Media

Types of Instructional Media Image, Text and Audio

The Human Ear Text (words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.) The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

The Human Ear Image (drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.)

Line Drawing Illustrated Drawing Kroki Sequenced Drawing Comparative Drawing Cartoon Caricatures Maps Posters Charts Flowchart Hierarchical Drawing Geometrical Figures Screenshots Photographs Types of Instructional Images

Line Drawing

Illustrated Drawing

Kroki

Sequenced Drawing

Comparative Drawing

Cartoon

Caricatures

Maps

Posters

A simple representation of forms or objects by means of lines, curves and indicators to explain idea or show relationship. Line Drawing

A simple and attractive artwork that helps simplify concept or make an idea or relationship simple and clear. Illustrated Drawing

A group of pictures in a specified sequence that tell a story or illustrate a phenomena with titles and captions. Sequenced Drawing

A complex picture aims to explain the similarities and differences between two or more objects. Comparative Drawing

A map is a simplified depiction of a space or specific region, which highlights relations between objects within that space with navigational aids and appropriate scale. Maps

A poster is a graphic advertisement aims to post a specific message quickly and simply in a public place. Posters

A chart is a visual representation of data ( using lines, bars, pies… ) that displays the relationship among variables, usually cast along x and y axes. Charts

Flowcharts A flowchart is a diagram consisting of a set of specified symbols ( rectangles, diamonds, circle.. ) and connecting arrows that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure, process or system.

Geometrical Figures A two- or three-dimensional drawing illustrates a geometrical concept or relationship using accurate measures.

Screenshots A screenshot is an image captured by the computer to record the visible items on the monitor or another visual output device.

A visual representation captured using ordinary or special optical or digital camera. Photographs

The Human Ear Audio (human voice, sound effects, etc.) The human ear consists of ...

The New Media Class Hierarchy Temporal Static - Computational - Directive (Waters, 1998)

Temporal

Static

- Computational

- Directive

The Human Ear Temporal (animation)

Landing The pilot managed to land the airoplane safely Temporal (video)

Auditory Physiology Lab. This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of the primary tones in 0.4 dB steps. Computational (graphs)

Define Values Using Sliders Directive (sliders)

Multimedia Transmission that combine different media of communication ( text , graphics , audio, animation, video, etc. )

The human ear consists of three parts: The outer ear The middle ear The inner ear Listen The Human Ear Multimedia

The human ear consists of three parts:

The outer ear

The middle ear

The inner ear

PART TWO Message Design

Communication Process - Sender - Message (to carry the content) - Medium (to carry the message) - Receiver - Domain

Communication Process

Media & Experience Dale’s Cone of Experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience At the top: provide more information, compress information, faster for those able to process it, need more instructional support. At the bottom: involve the learner, encourage active learning, provide less information, more stimuli and richer experience

At the top:

provide more information,

compress information,

faster for those able to process it,

need more instructional support.

At the bottom:

involve the learner,

encourage active learning,

provide less information,

more stimuli and richer experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience

PART THREE Utilization of Media & Technology

Writing boards Flipcharts OHP transparencies 35 mm slides Videotapes Models/real objects/samples/shapes … … … Audio-video-conferencing Digital projectors Smart classrooms Computers (software and storage media) The Internet Media & Technology Used in Higher Education

Writing boards

Flipcharts

OHP transparencies

35 mm slides

Videotapes

Models/real objects/samples/shapes

… … …

Audio-video-conferencing

Digital projectors

Smart classrooms

Computers (software and storage media)

The Internet

Writing Boards

e-Boards

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Samples, Real Objects & Models

Projectors

Smart Classrooms

Instructional Software Applications Drill-and-Practice Tutorials Simulation Instructional Games Problem-Solving Multimedia Teacher Utilities

Applications

Drill-and-Practice

Tutorials

Simulation

Instructional Games

Problem-Solving

Multimedia

Teacher Utilities

Applications A group of applications programs that is designed to automate general-purpose and specific tasks such as word processing, database management, spreadsheet, attendance, accounting, grade reporting, scheduling and others.

Drill and Practice Drill and practice software provides exercises in which students work example items one at a time and receive feedback on their correctness.

Tutorials A tutorial exposes the learner to material that is believed not to have been previously taught or learned. A tutorial often includes pre-test, post test and drill and practice activities.

Simulations A simulation is a computerized model of real or imagined system designed to teach how a system works and allows learners to create their own sequence for using simulation.

Problem-Solving Problem-solving software is a type of content-free or content-based programs that places emphasis on critical thinking, analysis, logic and reasoning via the presentation of set of data or problematic event.

Teacher Utilities Non-instructional or administrative programs used to prepare instructional materials or organize, store, evaluate and report information on pupils’ achievement and progress.

Multimedia Programs that support the interactive use of text, audio, still images, video and graphics and manipulate them to support learning.

Authoring and Support Tools - For general purposes FrontPage, MX Flash, etc. - For instructional purposes ToolBook Instructor, Authorware, etc.

Authoring Tools Gneral FrontPage

Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

Support Tools - Word processors Photo editors Drawing tools - Audio/video editors - Web browsers

- Word processors

Photo editors

Drawing tools

- Audio/video editors

- Web browsers

Support Tools Photo editors PaintShop Pro Contains all the tools you need for creating, editing, and retouching your images. It is friendly enough for the casual user and professional.

Support Tools Drawing tools SmartDraw Contains all the tools you need for drawing shapes, instructional graphics, maps and flowcharts and export them in standard formats.

Support Tools Video editors Pinnacle Studio Contain many tools to edit and produce professional video clips.

Support Tools Multimedia authoring Liquid Media Rich multimedia authoring & presentation software package, capable of stunning effects with fluid motion.

Delivery and Management Systems WebCT - Tutor utilities - Course tools - Interaction tools

BlackBoard - Content builder - Communication tools - Assessment tool - Student administration Delivery and Management Systems

PART FOUR Applications 1 Powerpoint FrontPage PhotoStory