Kinesiotherapy is a healthcare profession focused on applying exercise principles to enhance strength, endurance and mobility for those with functional limitations. Kinesiotherapists conduct evaluations involving physical assessments and develop individualized treatment plans in collaboration with physicians. They provide therapeutic interventions like exercises and fall prevention techniques. Kinesiotherapy programs require coursework in areas like anatomy and exercise physiology, as well as clinical training, in order to obtain registration and practice in settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation facilities and private practice.
2. KINESIOTHERAPY
Kinesiotherapy is defined as the application of scientifically
based exercise principles adapted to enhance the strength,
endurance, and mobility of individuals with functional
limitations, or those requiring extended physical conditioning.
- Kinesiotherapy Scope of Practice, 2009
Kinesiotherapy 2
3. KINESIOTHERAPIST
The Kinesiotherapist is a health care professional competent in the
administration of musculoskeletal, neurological, ergonomic, biomechanical,
psychosocial, and task specific functional tests and measures. The
Kinesiotherapist determines the appropriate evaluation tools and
interventions necessary to establish, in collaboration with the client and
physician, a goal specific treatment plan. The intervention process includes
the development and implementation of a treatment plan, assessment of
progress toward goals, modification as necessary to achieve goals and
outcomes, and client education. The foundation of clinician-client rapport is
based on education, instruction, demonstration and mentoring of therapeutic
techniques and behaviors to restore, maintain and improve overall functional
abilities.
Kinesiotherapy
Scope
of
Prac2ce,
2009
Kinesiotherapy 3
4. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• KT is an allied health profession that has been in existence since 1943
• Developed during the later stages of WWII by US Surgeon General, Major
Norman T. Kirk to provide reconditioning and strengthening programs for
convalescing soldiers that would allow them to return to active duty
• General Kirk modeled the program on a British Reconditioning Battalion
that he observed in operation in Coventry, England
• The program would be called “Corrective Physical Rehabilitation (CPR)”
Kinesiotherapy 4
5. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• The first training school to prepare personnel in CPR was organized at the
307th US Army Station in Coventry England on April 15, 1943
• Following WWII, this program would continue within the Veteran’s
Administration
• Drs. Donald Covalt , Howard Rusk, and John E. Davis Sc. D. collaborated
to form the new therapy section within the VA’s PM&R programs in
response to the large number of veterans returning from war to VA
hospitals
• This new section of “Corrective Physical Rehabilitation” was established
on May 18, 1946
Kinesiotherapy 5
6. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• Influential leaders in the profession:
• John Eisele Davis Sc.D. – “Father of Corrective Therapy”; held the
post of Chief, Corrective Therapy (CT) in VA Central Office (VACO)
• Dr. Howard Rusk – helped establish CT in the VA hospital system (later
established the Rusk Institute for Rehabilitation in New York)
• Paul Roland – a major leader in establishing the first professional
organization for CT
• Robert Shelton – a professor at the University of Illinois; he coined the
term Kinesiotherapy; established a clinic at U of I to provide
therapeutic exercise; the clinic served as a lab for CT students and a
model for the internship program
Kinesiotherapy 6
7. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 1946- Initial training courses for VA Corrective Physical Rehabilitation
Therapists were initiated and held at the School of Social
Rehabilitation at the Winter VA Hospital in Topeka, KS.
• 1946- The National Association of Physical and Mental Rehabilitation
(APMR) was instituted, and became the first professional CT
organization
• 1948- Corrective Physical Rehabilitation’s name was changed to Corrective
Therapy and the National Organization’s name was changed to the
American Corrective Therapy Association (ACTA)
• 1954 - Thirteen colleges were training physical education majors in CT; a
research study conducted by the Educational Committee of APMR,
resulted in a seven page document that became the basis of the
entire CT curriculum
Kinesiotherapy 7
8. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 1954 - Initial VA qualification standards for CT were established:
• B.S. In physical education, with 240 hours of clinical internship
• Corrective Therapy had a strong initial link to:
• Adaptive Physical Education
• Neuro-psychiatry (exercise and physical activities were used to
reduce patient anxiety and manage aggressive behavior)
• 1974 – Expanded coursework requirements for the CT degree were put in
place, including an increase from 240 to 400 clinical internship
hours
• 1978 - VA Corrective Therapy Qualification Standards were approved by
VACO
• Minimum entry level standards for employment within the
Federal System
Kinesiotherapy 8
9. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 1980 – CT program accreditation standards were established:
• 3.0 average in all required courses
• Specific CT courses designated in the curriculum
• Clinical internship requirements increased to 1000 hours
• 1982 - The ACTA’s Council on Professional Standards (COPSCT) was
developed to oversee certification, accreditation, and continuing
education
• 1986 - Mandatory continuing education requirements were set to
maintain registration; Professional Examination Service (PES), a
national testing service, was contracted to help standardize and
administer the national certification examination
Kinesiotherapy 9
10. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 1987- ACTA is renamed AKTA (the American Kinesiotherapy
Association); COPSCT is renamed COPSKT (Council on Professional
Standards for Kinesiotherapy)
• 1993- Scope of Practice for Kinesiotherapy is established
• Delineates the competencies for Registered Kinesiotherapists, and
identifies the job tasks RKTs are qualified to perform
• 1993- Standards of Practice for Kinesiotherapy is established
• Serve as a guideline for RKT, and provides a basis for the assessment
of Kinesiotherapy practice
Kinesiotherapy 10
11. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 1995- The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education
Programs (CAAHEP) formally recognizes Kinesiotherapy as an allied
health profession
• 1998 – The Standards and Guidelines for Accreditation of Educational
Programs in Kinesiotherapy are developed jointly by COPSKT and
CAAHEP
• Accreditation Standards constitute the minimum requirements to
which an accredited program is held accountable
• 1998 -” CAAHEP approved the “Standards and Guidelines for Accredited
Education Programs for Kinesiotherapy
• 1998 - Committee on Accreditation for Kinesiotherapy (CoA-KT) is
established
Kinesiotherapy 11
12. HISTORY OF KINESIOTHERAPY
• 2004 - Kinesiotherapy was assigned a revenue code by the National
Uniform Billing Committee (NUBC)
• 2006 – Kinesiotherapy was assigned a unique provider identifier by The
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) National Plan and
Provider Enumeration System (NPPES). An individual
Kinesiotherapist must now apply for their own unique provider
number (NPI)
• 2012 – Establishment of Center of Excellence (COE) Clinical Training
Program for master’s prepared candidates
Kinesiotherapy 12
13. THE ORGANIZATION
• The American Kinesiotherapy Association (AKTA) is the professional
organization for Kinesiotherapists whose purpose is to:
• Promote KT and improve recognition of the profession through
legislation and public relations
• Serve the interests of its members and work to enhance the standards of
care provided by KTs through educational opportunities
• The mission statement of the American Kinesiotherapy Association, Inc.
(AKTA) is as follows:
• “To serve the interest of its members, and will represent the profession
to the public. The organization will work to enhance the standard of
care provided by Kinesiotherapists through the promotion and
provision of educational opportunities”.
Kinesiotherapy 13
14. THE ORGANIZATION
• There are two the branches within the American Kinesiotherapy
Association: the Executive Board and The Council on Professional
Standards for Kinesiotherapy.
• The AKTA Executive Board carries out the mandates and policies of the
Association as determined by its members
• Executive Board members include:
• President
• President-Elect
• Vice-President
• Treasurer
• Secretary
• Past-President
• Members at Large (Two - East & West)
Kinesiotherapy 14
15. THE ORGANIZATION
• The Council on Professional Standards for Kinesiotherapy (COPSKT) is
comprised of:
• Accreditation Board
• Certification Board (Registration)
• Continuing Competency
• Committee on Accreditation for Kinesiotherapy (CoA-KT)
• The purpose of COPS-KT is to:
• Establish and maintain the qualification standards for KT academic
programs
• Provide the examination and testing of professional skills and
knowledge unique to the Kinesiotherapist
• Provide opportunities for practicing RKTs to maintain his/her
continuing competency through seminars, conferences, and other
coursework
Kinesiotherapy 15
16. THE ORGANIZATION
• The mission of COPSKT is to:
• Assure that practicing RKTs achieve and maintain the essential
standards for:
• Education
• Credentialing
• Professional Competence
• Establish and maintain the following documents:
• The Standards and Guidelines for Accreditation of Educational
Programs in Kinesiotherapy
• Scope of Practice for Kinesiotherapy
• Standards of Practice for Kinesiotherapy
Kinesiotherapy 16
17. COPSKT DOCUMENTS
• The Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational
Programs in Kinesiotherapy
• These accreditation Standards are the minimum standards of quality
used in accrediting Programs that prepare individuals to enter the
Kinesiotherapy profession
• The Scope of Practice for Kinesiotherapy delineates the competencies that
Registered Kinesiotherapists are qualified to perform
• Reflects the evaluation procedures and comprehensive treatment
interventions applied by RKTs
• An individual RKT may obtain additional training and credentials in
areas beyond this Scope of Practice
Kinesiotherapy 17
18. COPSKT DOCUMENTS
• The Standards of Practice for Kinesiotherapy serve as guidelines for RKTs
and provide a basis for assessment of Kinesiotherapy practice, including:
• Academic and clinical training requirements
• Patient referral processes
• Patient program development/establishment of treatment goals
• Modes and documentation of treatment
• Professional conduct and quality assurance
Kinesiotherapy 18
19. EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
• The Kinesiotherapy major is a baccalaureate program accredited by the
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
(CAAHEP)
• Currently 4 baccalaureate KT programs are CAAHEP accredited:
• California State University – Long Beach
• Shaw University
• Norfolk State University
• University of Southern Mississippi
• Individuals with a Master’ s Degree in Exercise Science or related field and
a Center of Excellence (COE) Kinesiotherapy Clinical Training Certificate
are also eligible to sit for the Registration Examination in KT
• Both programs require didactic preparation in 11 core courses and 1000
hours of clinical training at an approved site under the supervision of an
RKT
Kinesiotherapy 19
20. EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
• Minimum Course Requirements:
• General Psychology
• Human Anatomy
• Human Physiology
• Neurological & Pathological Foundations of Rehabilitation
• Exercise Physiology (or equivalent)
• First Aid
• Kinesiology or Biomechanics or Applied Anatomy
• Tests & Measurements or Statistics or Research Methods
• Adapted PE or Therapeutic Exercise
• Motor Learning or Growth & Development
• Organization/Administration of KT/PE/Health
Kinesiotherapy 20
21. PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALING
• Students who graduate from a CAAHEP accredited or COE clinical
training program are eligible to take the Kinesiotherapy Registration exam,
and become RKTs
• Persons who pass the Registration exam must complete 12 hours of
continuing education each year to maintain Registered status
• Entry level RKTs are fully qualified to provide services outlined in the
Scope of Practice for Kinesiotherapy
• RKTs who obtain training and credentials in areas beyond those outlined in
the Scope of Practice for Kinesiotherapy can provide therapeutic
interventions commensurate with his/her credentials
Kinesiotherapy 21
22. EMPLOYMENT
• Potential areas of RKT employment include, but are not limited to:
• Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
• Private hospitals and rehabilitation facilities
• Medical Fitness facilities
• Post-rehabilitation conditioning programs
• Home based therapy programs
• Wellness centers
• Extended care facilities
• Private consultation
Kinesiotherapy 22
23. TREATMENT
• Treatment interventions performed by RKTs include, but are not limited to:
• Therapeutic exercise
• Mobility training/proper use of mobility aids
• Geriatric rehabilitation
• Aquatic rehabilitation
• Psychiatric rehabilitation
• Handicapped driver training
• Evaluation of ADL (activities of daily living) and adaptive equipment
needs
• Wheelchair/seating assessment
• Home evaluations/caregiver training
• Fall prevention and recovery techniques
Kinesiotherapy 23
25. KINESIOTHERAPY SCOPE OF PRACTICE
A. Evaluation
The Kinesiotherapist obtains detailed information from the client and the
clinical record regarding the specific history that resulted in the referral
for treatment. This is followed by an appropriate physical assessment
pertaining to the reason for referral. The Kinesiotherapist then records and
analyzes the data, develops an appropriate treatment plan in conjunction
with the client, and communicates with the referring practitioner
regarding the proposed treatment. In cases where an evaluation is
performed without the expectation of treatment, a physician referral may
not be necessary. Examples might be fitness testing, work fitness testing,
physical ability testing, and functional capacity testing.
Kinesiotherapy 25
26. KT SCOPE OF PRACTICE (cont)
The Kinesiotherapist is advised to obtain a written or oral screening survey
from the client to determine whether any possible medical conditions exist
that may be affected by the testing conditions or tasks. Additionally the
Kinesiotherapist should obtain from the client a signed written consent form
that describes the test conditions and possible risks of the evaluation.
1. Physical Components:
• Muscular strength and endurance
• Functional stability and mobility
• Neuromuscular coordination
• Kinesthesis, proprioception, and sensory deficits
• Flexibility/joint range of motion
• Aerobic fitness
• Reaction time
Kinesiotherapy 26
27. KT SCOPE OF PRACTICE (cont)
2. Psychosocial Components:
• Appropriateness of behavior
• Enhancers/barriers to learning
• Capability of task planning and goal-directed behavior
• Orientation
• Affect
• Social interaction
• Motivation
Kinesiotherapy 27
28. KT SCOPE OF PRACTICE (cont)
B. Interventions:
• The kinesiotherapist administers scientifically based exercise principles
and activities to accomplish the stated goals of the treatment plan, such as
those outlined in the Kinesiotherapy Scope of Practice and the
Kinesiotherapy Standards of Practice. The treatment plan may include
strategies to educate the client and caregiver on techniques to enhance
neuromusculoskeletal, psychomotor and psychosocial well being.
1. Therapeutic Exercise:
a. Strengthening exercise:
• Isometric
• Isotonic
• Isokinetic
b. Endurance exercise
• Aerobic exercise
• Muscular endurance
Kinesiotherapy 28
29. KT SCOPE OF PRACTICE (cont)
1. Therapeutic Exercise (cont.)
c. Functional mobility training and ambulation training
d. Flexibility and range of motion exercise
• Passive
• Active-assistive
• Active
e. Aquatic exercise
f. Balance and coordination activities
g. Neuromuscular re-education
h. Work conditioning exercise
Kinesiotherapy 29
30. KT SCOPE OF PRACTICE (cont)
2. Education:
a. Implications of disease/disability process, progression, and
expectations for client and family
b. Home exercise programs
c. Body mechanics and functional mobility
d. Home and/or worksite modification
Revised: 2-19-2009
Kinesiotherapy 30
31. KINESIOTHERAPY STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
Standard 1: Only individuals who qualify by virtue of their education and
clinical experience can practice Kinesiotherapy.
1.1 An RKT must have a minimum of a baccalaureate degree with didactic
preparation in the following areas:
1.101 Human physiology
1.102 Exercise physiology
1.103 Kinesiology/biomechanics
1.104 Therapeutic exercise/adapted physical education
1.105 Growth and development
1.106 Motor learning/control/performance
1.107 General psychology
1.108 Organization and administration
1.109 Test, measurement, research methods and/or statistics
1.110 First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Kinesiotherapy 31
32. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
1.2 An RKT must have completed a minimum of 1,000 hours of clinical
practice in approved training sites to qualify for certification and
subsequent registration.
1.3 An RKT must not perform any treatment beyond the Kinesiotherapy
Scope of Practice unless credentialed or otherwise qualified to do so.
1.4 An RKT can administer treatment only upon receipt of a prescription
from qualified physicians, nurse practitioners and/or physician’s
assistants who have been privileged to make such referrals.
1.5 An RKT will adhere to all policies and protocols established by the
profession and the work setting.
1.6 An RKT will comply with local, state and federal requirements for
administering health care.
1.7 An RKT must demonstrate competency to maintain a safe treatment
environment.
Kinesiotherapy 32
33. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
Standard 2: Referrals shall contain appropriate information before treatment
can be administered by an RKT.
2.1 Prescriptions for kinesiotherapy should contain descriptive
information to include the following:
2.11 Client’s name and/or identification number
2.12 Diagnosis and problem to be addressed
2.13 Indications/contraindication for treatment
2.14 Client’s assigned medical setting or address
Standard 3: An RKT shall develop an individual treatment plan for each client.
3.1 An RKT is responsible for documentation of the treatment plan in the
client’s permanent medical record as dictated by the work setting.
Kinesiotherapy 33
34. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
3.2 The client and family should actively participate as appropriate in the
formulation of the treatment plan.
3.3 Client/family education shall be addressed as appropriate in the
treatment plan.
3.4 The treatment plan should be updated on a regular basis or as required
by national accrediting bodies and/or the treatment facility.
Standard 4: An RKT shall perform assessments on the first visit and on
subsequent visits as change in status dictates.
4.1 An RKT will evaluate the physical capabilities and capacities of the
patient, including:
4.11 Muscular strength and endurance
4.12 Functional stability and mobility
Kinesiotherapy 34
35. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
4.13 Neuromuscular coordination
4.14 Kinesthesis, propioception, and sensory deficits
4.15 Flexibility/joint range of motion
4.16 Aerobic fitness
4.17 Reaction time
4.2 An RKT will assess various psychosocial components, which include:
4.21 Appropriateness of behavior
4.22 Enhancers/barriers to learning
4.23 Capability of task planning and goal-directed behavior
4.24 Orientation
4.25 Affect
4.26 Social interaction
4.27 Motivation
Kinesiotherapy 35
36. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
4.3 Only an RKT with specific academic and professional training will be
qualified to assess prosthetic and orthotic devices with regard to fit and
appropriateness of prescription.
4.4 An RKT will assess clients for ambulation and mobility aids.
4.5 Client/family involvement will be encouraged as a part of the
assessment process.
Standard 5: An RKT shall administer therapeutic exercise or activity to
accomplish the stated goals of the treatment plan.
5.1 An RKT shall instruct clients in the following interventions:
5.11 Strengthening exercise
5.111 Isometric
5.112 Isotonic
5.113 Isokinetic
Kinesiotherapy 36
37. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
5.114 Endurance exercise
5.115 Aerobic exercise
5.116 Muscular endurance
5.12 Functional mobility training and ambulation training
5.13 Flexibility and range of motion exercise
5.131 Passive
5.132 Active-assistive
5.133 Active
5.14 Aquatic exercise
5.15 Balance and coordination exercise/activity
5.16 Neuromuscular re-education
5.17 Work conditioning exercise
Kinesiotherapy 37
38. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
5.2 An RKT will monitor client treatment and intervene regularly to
facilitate progress toward stated goals.
5.3 An RKT shall be responsible for the treatment process and will provide
a safe environment that is conducive to achievement of the treatment
objectives.
5.4 An RKT will be trained in the safe use of equipment employed in the
treatment process
Standard 6: An RKT shall educate the client and family/caregiver as
appropriate to accomplish the stated goals of the treatment plan.
6.1 An RKT shall provide instruction in the following areas:
6.11 Implications of disease/disability process, progression, and
expectations for client and family
6.12 Home exercise programs
6.13 Body mechanics/functional mobility
6.14 Home and/or worksite modification
Kinesiotherapy 38
39. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
Standard 7: An RKT shall document patient treatment information.
7.1 An RKT shall document progress toward established goals.
7.11 An RKT will be responsible for entering progress notes into the
permanent patient record.
7.12 Time frames of completion of notes will conform to those as
specified in Standard 3.
7.13 An RKT will provide a written summary of treatment, which
includes recommendations for follow-up care.
7.14 All notes will be signed either in writing or electronically.
7.15 Documentation shall be subject to peer review on a regular basis
so as to insure conformity to stated standards and as part of the
facility’s total quality management system.
Kinesiotherapy 39
40. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
Standard 8: An RKT shall actively participate in the activities congruent with
health care delivery.
8.1 An RKT shall attend client-planning functions and provide input as
deemed appropriate.
8.2 An RKT shall at all times conduct themselves as professionals and
accord client, family, medical staff and visitors respect and dignity.
8.3 An RKT shall work as a member of the health care team by
participation in total quality management programs.
8.4 An RKT shall notify the Council on Professional Standards as to
improprieties of another RKT.
8.5 An RKT shall inform appropriate individuals or agencies of any
improprieties in the delivery of health care to the client.
8.6 An RKT shall participate in continuing education as required to insure
quality client care.
Kinesiotherapy 40
41. KT STANDARDS OF PRACTICE (cont)
Standard 9: An RKT shall follow established quality assurance guidelines to
assure quality and appropriateness of treatment provided.
9.1 A written plan shall exist that describes program objectives,
organization and scope.
9.2 There will be a planned, systematic and ongoing process for
monitoring and evaluating client care. Solutions will be developed when
problems are identified.
9.3 Records are maintained to document all quality improvement activity.
Revised: 07-23-2003
Kinesiotherapy 41
42. KT PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS
A. All members of the Association shall be required to observe the Code of
Ethics adopted by the Association, which are as follows:
1. A Member shall comply with the Rules of the By-Laws of the
Association for the time being in force.
2. A Member shall not at any time, either in professional capacity or
otherwise, undertake or give or accept responsibility for any treatment
unless upon receipt of a prescription from qualified physicians, nurse
practitioners and/or physician's assistants who have been privileged to
make such referrals.
3. A Member shall not, at any time, either in a professional capacity or
otherwise, undertake to give, or accept responsibility for a form of
treatment in which he/she does not hold a recognized qualification.
Kinesiotherapy 42
43. KT PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS (cont)
4. A Member shall not, at any time, either in a professional capacity or
otherwise, discuss with a patient, or within a patient's hearing, any
treatment or other professional matter in such a way as may be
calculated to bring doubt or discredit on the professional skills,
knowledge, services, or qualifications of any other registered medical
auxiliary or professional colleague or any other person in the medical
field.
5. A Member shall not, for the purpose of obtaining patients or work, or of
promoting his own professional prestige, directly advertise him/
herself in any manner not consistent with the ruling of the
Association.
6. A Member shall, at all times, in his/her professional capacity or
otherwise, respect the status of, and show courtesy to his/her medical
seniors, his/her own departmental superiors or staff, and his/her
professional colleagues.
Kinesiotherapy 43
44. KT PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS (cont)
7. A Member shall, at all times, in his/her professional capacity or
otherwise, give the best of his/her skill and knowledge when treating any
patient, without prejudice and irrespective of financial remuneration.
8. A Member shall report to the physician, nurse practitioner and/or
physician’s assistant accurately, and with frequency, the patient's
progress and response to treatment. He/she shall report to the
physician, nurse practitioner and/or physician’s assistant immediately,
if or when, the patient exhibits responses that are not normally expected
and shall report any accident that may occur in the course of treatment.
9. A Member shall, in his/her professional capacity, maintain a clean and
tidy appearance, shall maintain identification with his/her profession,
and shall wear a uniform, which is acceptable to the institution in
which he/she works.
Kinesiotherapy 44
45. KT PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS (cont)
10. A Member shall faithfully observe the conditions of his/her
appointment with an employer, whether these conditions have been
agreed upon verbally or in writing.
11. A Member shall hold any information coming to his/her attention
regarding a patient as confidential and consider it "privileged
communications". Such information will not be made available to
anyone except those responsible for the patient's medical care.
12. A Member shall not, at any time, either in a professional capacity or
otherwise, act in such a manner as to bring discredit upon his/her
colleagues or the Association. He/she shall maintain integrity and
discipline in personal behavior so as to sustain and enhance public
confidence in his/her profession.
Kinesiotherapy 45
46. KT PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS (cont)
13. A Member shall publish only information and opinions that can be
reasonably expected to be a scientific contribution to the field of
rehabilitation.
14. A Member shall strive at all times to improve his/her professional
knowledge, skill and efficiency and thereby increase the value of his/
her contribution to the field of rehabilitation.
B. In the event that charges are brought against a member of the Association
for violation of this Code, the case shall be remanded to the Council on
Professional Standards for Kinesiotherapy (COPS-KT) for adjudication.
Revised 12/2007
Kinesiotherapy 46
47. CONTACT INFORMATION
• The Executive Offices of the American Kinesiotherapy Association and the
Council on Professional Standards for Kinesiotherapy are located on the
campus of the University of Southern Mississippi.
• Address: 118 College Drive # 5142; Hattiesburg, MS 39406
• Phone: 800-296-2582
• Website: www.akta.org
• Executive Officer: Melissa Ziegler
• Email: www.info@akta.org
Kinesiotherapy 47
48. RESOURCES
Figoni, S.F.; Edwards, B.G.; Smith, Warren C. (2003). Introduction to the
Profession of Kinesiotherapy: definitions, history and philosophy. Clinical
Kinesiology: Journal of the American Kinesiotherapy Association, 43, 1-10.
Smith, W. C. (1989). History of the American Kinesiotherapy Association.
(unpublished manuscript).
Smith, W. C. (1994). Kinesiotherapy- Then and Now. (unpublished
manuscript).
The Standards and Guidelines for Accreditation of Educational Programs in
Kinesiotherapy (adopted 1998; revised 2011)
AKTA By-Laws (revised 2007)
Kinesiotherapy 48
Editor's Notes
Dr. Covalt was the first Chief of PM&R in VACO
Dr. Covalt was the first Chief of PM&R in VACO
Dr. Covalt was the first Chief of PM&R in VACO
Dr. Covalt was the first Chief of PM&R in VACO