Solar Thermal Power Plant Pure Solar DNI 550 W/m2 12 hrs with Financian Analysis

1. Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector
Power Plant 1 MW
On
Pure Solar Mode 12 hours
Operation
for
Soft Land, Medium Insolation
By and Humid Country
Solar Space Frame Industrial Co., Ltd.
Bangkok, Thailand
March 12, 2555

2. Intro
In CSP technology such as Trough, Compact Linear Fresnel Receiver,
Solar Tower, Solar Dish Stirling, etc required large area as shading effect. It
needs high insolation such as 1,000 W/m2 min. It is not suitable to operate
in humid and medium insolation such as 500 W/m2. As the structure so long
it needs good foundation in Soft-land area. It uses high power for tracking
as the system has no sound weight balanced. CSP had high thermal losses
due to long receiver tubes, long deliver fluid tubes, high temperature
thermal storage, and high working temperature. It required very good
thermal insulation. Once the structure to long it cannot prevented from
twisting so the structure will be large and heavy.
The turbine required high pressure, temperature, and dry steam quality.
Also generator required synchronous system when connected to grid. It is
not Easy to transport and assembly. As high technology the operation and
maintenance costs will be high. The material is not easy to find as the
system use high temperature. We expect the cost of CSP should below 90
THB/W, 3.0 US$/W, or 2.1 EURO/W when compare to solar cell. The Solar
Thermal Dish Steam Turbine with Induction Motor Farm may solve these
problems and make it possible for commercial.

3. Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

4. WORLD
Future Solar Thermal
SOLAR THERMAL 30% Power Generation Capacity
700 0C 70 BAR USA 20,000 MW
CHINA 20,000 MW
LIGNITE POWER PLANT 70% INDIA 20,000 MW
THAILAND
Expected Solar Thermal
SOLAR THERMAL 75%
180 0C 15 BAR Power Generation
Capacity in 2020
3,500 MW
BIOMASS 25%
35,000 MTHB/Yr Savings
World Sustainable Energy Solution

5. Develop and deploy solar energy technology to serve
our customers’ who need special design for medium
insolation, soft-land, and humid countries. For global
electricity and thermal energy needs in a dependable,
market-competitive and environmentally responsible
manner.
Our Mission

6. CLFR Trough
Area 1 1.5
Solar Receiver Linear Multi Tube
Method HTF Direct Steam
Tracking Power Lowest Medium
Structure Lightest Medium
CLFR Chonburi, Thailand Pipe Length Shortest Long
Insulator Min Moderate
Heat Losses Lowest Medium
Universal Joint Leakage None Yes
Receiver Glass Break None Yes
Reflector Twisting None Yes
Operation Time hrs 12 6
Minimum Working Insolation 500 650
Karnchanaburi, Thailand Price Lowest Medium
Comparison CLFR with Trough

7. Analysis of Solar Thermal Technology
in Thailand, CLFR, Trough
Medium Insolation, Hot and Humid Country, Soft-Land DNI 550 w/m2
DNI Mirror Area Operate Absorber Start End
Manufactures Technologies MW eff
W/m2 m 2
Rais hrs. Temp C Time Time
550 1.2 25,920.00 16.20 6 9:00 15:00
Theory 370
Thai 550 1.2 51,840.00 32.40 12 9:00 21:00
SSF Local 550 1.0 25,920.00 16.20 6 9:30 16:30 0.83
CLFR Design Local 550 2.0 51,840.00 32.40 6 9:30 16:30 0.83
Real 350
Fabrication 550 1.0 51,840.00 32.40 12 9:30 22:00 0.83
550 2.0 103,680.00 64.80 12 9:30 22:30 0.83
1,000 1.0 9,000.00 5.63 5 9:00 15:00
Theory Germany 400
SolLight 1,000 5.0 45,000.00 28.13 5 9:00 15:00
Local
Trough 550 0.5 9,000.00 5.63 5 10:00 15:00 0.50
Real Fabrication 370
550 2.5 45,000.00 28.13 5 10:00 15:00 0.50

8. Solar
Engine Generator Controller Absorber Storage Mode XFUR
Tracker
HTF
Dual
ABB SSF with
SSF SSF SSF Phase
Induction Linear Steam Sensor TASCO
CLFR Engine Software Molten
Motor Absorber Boiler
Salt
Loop
SolLight Mann Mann Siemens Steam Direct
Schott Time TASCO
Trough Turbine Generator Software Pressure Steam
Suppliers

9. Operate Cost Elect Sale Overhead Net Income Operation Time PayBackIn
Manufacture MW
hrs MTHB THB/Day THB/Day THB/Day 300 D/Yr Yr
1 6 80.00 63,000.00 9,450.00 53,550.00 16,065,000.00 4.98
SSF 2 6 160.00 126,000.00 12,600.00 113,400.00 34,020,000.00 4.70
CLFR 1 12 140.00 126,000.00 18,900.00 107,100.00 32,130,000.00 4.36
2 12 280.00 252,000.00 25,200.00 226,800.00 68,040,000.00 4.12
SolLight 0.5 5 200.00 26,250.00 7,875.00 18,375.00 5,512,500.00 36.28
Trough 2.5 5 1,000.00 131,250.00 13,125.00 118,125.00 35,437,500.00 28.22
Note 1 USD = 30 THB February 20, 2012
Data from PEA February, 2012 report
Analysis

10.  Offer comprehensive and fully integrated CSP solutions
 Lowest cost and most land-efficient CSP technology
 Solar steam generators offer turnkey solar solutions, including
power block and balance of plant
 High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and
modular
 Support services in project development and EPC
 Life-cycle services for long-term operations and maintenance
 Easy to operate and maintenance
 Low operation and maintenance cost
 Operate from medium to high insolation
 Molten salt storage
 Steam at saturation or superheat temperature
 Low tracking power
 Light weight structure but heavy duty
 Structure prepare for earthquake, and high wind
 High efficiency receiver
 Back up by biomass, biogas, LPG, CNG, Hydrogen (Water)
 Could operate 24/7 min 300 days/year
 Provide breakthrough innovation to lower our customers’ cost of
energy
 Design for monsoon climate insolation 500 – 1,000 w/m2 and soft-
land country
Comprehensive Solar Solutions

12.  Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR)
 Arrays of optically-shaped reflector mirrors
 Concentrate over 50 “suns” of energy
 Boiler tubes generate high pressure
saturated and/or superheated steam
CLFR Technology

13. Steam (Saturated or Superheated)
Standalone Solar & Solar Solar Steam Augmentation Industrial Processing
Hybrid Power Plants
Customers
• Utilities • Utilities • Enhanced oil recovery & refining
• IPPs • IPPs • Mining
• Chemical processing & refining
• Food processing
• Desalination, Absorption Chiller
Applications and Markets

14.  Solar Steam Generators (SSGs) use Concentrated Solar Power
(CSP) to drive screw steam turbines or provide process steam
 SSG could have dimension upto 365 m (1200’) long, 18 m
(60’) high, 36 m (120’) wide depend on power produced
 SSG can produce up to 10,000 kg/hr (22,000 lbs/hr) of
saturated or superheated steam
 Solar boiler, ASME S-Stamp qualify.
 SSG will not overheat, even with coincident failure of offsite
power (feed water and reflector drive) and backup power
(reflector drive) at solar noon on the summer solstice
 Durable designs of standard materials can be erected rapidly
and deployed at scale
 IBC/UBC structural design for Seismic Zone 4 and 145 km/hr
(90 mph) wind speed
Key Product Attributes

15.  ASME “S” Stamp Solar boiler standard
 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
 Section I, 2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda
 ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code
 2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda
 Structural Codes
 Uniform building code
 International building code
 Authorized Inspector
Standard Code and Design

16.  Most land-efficient solar technology,
lowest cost CSP technology
 Lower land and grading costs and
ongoing O&M costs, less time-intensive
permitting
 Easier access to contiguous, flat land, can
be built on sloping sites (<3% grade)
 Reduced environmental impact (no oil
containments), lower view shed impact
 Easy to erection, operation and
maintenance, less time-intensive
permitting
 Scalable by adding solar steam
generators, greater ability to site at
existing power plants and industrial sites
CSP Reference Plant @ 12 hrs Crystalline 42 Rais
Pure Solar Mode @ 550 w/m2 Thin Film 63 Rais
Solar Trough 31.5 Rais
1 MW = 33,600 Sqm = 21 Rai CLFR 21 Rais
= 3.36 Hectares Solar Tower 42 Rais
CLFR Advantages

17.  SSG is the building block
 Each SSG contains one receiver with boiler tubes
 Receiver heated by reflector rows in segments
 Segments comprised of factory assembled reflectors and drives
 Modular System 250 kW, 1MW, 5MW, 10 MW
 Scalable 1MW, 5MW, 25 MW, 50 MW
Modular, Scalable and Deployment

18. Field Assembly

19.  Rapid field erection
 Minimal grading required (3% grade acceptable)
 Simple foundations
 Steel Truss Structural
 Receiver (boiler tube and housing) assembled on ground, hoisted,
hydrostatically tested and stamped
 Assemble reflectors on beams and connect drive
Fast Erection

20. Steam Test
Out of Focus
Aug 25/2011 Cloudy
Row No. 11.30
1 95 109 104
2 130 131 130
3 160 160 160
4 190 191 190
Row No. 13.30
1 135 135 140
2 151 150 155
3 165 165 163
4 173 175 172
Infocus
Oct 4, 2011 11:45-12:00 Cloudy
Row No. Zone1 Zone2 Zone3
1 150 180 190
2 170 210 210
3 210 270 300
4 290 350 380

21.  Boiler Trips rotate reflected light away from receiver
 High exit pressure
 High exit temperature
 UPS back-up for reflector drive power
 Passive thermal protection protects against
concurrent loss of
 Feed water
 AC mains
 UPS backup
 Worst Case
 Summer Solstice Solar Noon
 Boiler is completely hot and dry
Safety

22.  Simple, reliable, robust
 Design for medium
insolation, soft-land, and
humid countries
 Saturated or Superheated
steam at pressure and
temperatures that
customers want
 High-volume manufacturing
and installation, scalable
and modular
 ASME Section I design
 Commitment to customers
world-wide
 Lowest cost, most land-
efficient CSP technology
Summary

23. Efficiency %
Reflector 93
Receiver 80
Thermal Storage 85
Steam Engine 30
Condenser 85
Generator 85
Thermal to Electrical 15
Efficiency

24. • Delta Truss
• Software Analysis
- Linear First Order
- Linear Second Order
- Non-linear First Order
- Non-linear Second Order
- Dynamic Harmonic
- Dynamic Seismic
- Dynamic Modal
- Bucking
- Stiffness
- Own weight
- Shell Stress
- Torsion
- Thermal expansion
- Moment
• Antirust treatment
• Easy to transport and
erection
Structure Design

27. Solar Space Frame
Linear Receiver
 CSP Type
 Low Thermal Loss
 Reliability
 Scalability
 Operability
 High Shock Load Resist
 HTF as Working Fluid
 Triple Layer Insulator
Linear Receiver

28. Solar Linear Receiver Specification
Surface Emittance ε 0.03
Surface Absorption αr 0.87
Specular Reflectance ρ 0.95
Transmittance of Glass Cover τg 0.90
Max. Temperature C 600
Max. Working Pressure PSI 400
Insulation Thermal W/mK 0.05
Conductivity
Min. Direct Insolation 400 W/m2
Max. Direct Insolation 1,100 W/m2
Max. Wind Speed 160 Km/hr
Overall Efficiency 80 %

29. Descriptions MTHB
Foundation 3.00
Steel Column 5.00
Reflector Support and Mirror 45.00
Low Pressure Steam Engine 250 k x 4 15.00
1 MW XFUR with Controller 2.50
Solar Receiver 6.00
Solar Tracking 4.50
Thermal Storage + Backup Burner 60.00
Accessories 5.00
Total 146.00
Cost for 1 MW Pure Solar Mode 24 hrs

30. Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

31. Steam Output 400 PSI 450 C

32. Solar Steam Performance @ 0.25 MWhr
 Performance
Temperature Up to 750 F (180 C)
Up to 900 F (200 C)
 Constructability
 Reliability
Pressure Up to 150 PSIa (10 BARa)
Up to 230 PSIa (16 BARa)  Scalability
Annual Energy per 3,600 MWh
 Operability
14 Rais (25.600 Sq.m)
 System Efficiency 15 %
 3,600 MWhr/300 = 12 MWhr/day = 1 MW for 12 hrs
 25,600 m2 @ 0.55 kW/m2 = 14.1 MWhrThermal = 2.1 MWhrelectric
 Equivalent to 12 MW/day This could produce 1 MWhr for 12 hrs
 Back Up fuel 5 - 25 % used to maintain the stability of the
power plant
Performance @ 550 W/m2
Pure Solar Mode 12 hrs

33. Analysis
1 MW 12 hrs 300 days/yr @ 550 W/m2 THB
Electric Sale 10.5 THB/kw-hr 13 hrs 40,950,000
Carbon Credit 4,130 / day 1,239,000
Maintenance 10,000 / day -3,000,000
Operation 20,000 / day -6,000,000
Income per year 33,189,000 42,189,000 -9,000,000
Plant Cost Return with in 4.4 Years 146,000,000
Operation Cost : Salary, Interest, Insurance, Licenses, Other expenses

34. Prototype Steam Engine Tested

35. Control Panel

36. TASCO Transformer
 CSP Type
 Low Loss
 Reliability
 Scalability
 Operability
 High Shock Load Resist
Power Transformer for CSP

37. Solar Space Frame
Dual Phase Thermal Storage
 CSP Type
 Low Thermal Loss
 Reliability
 Scalability
 Operability
 High Shock Load Resist
 HTF as Working Fluid
 Molten Salt + Graphite for Thermal Storage
 Integrated Back up Burner
 Integrated Steam Boiler
 Triple Layer Insulator
Dual Phase Thermal Storage

38. Heat Transfer Fluid

39. Thermal Salt with Graphite

40. Solar Space Frame
High Efficiency Steam Engine
 CSP Type
 Low Friction
 Reliability
 Scalability
 Operability
 High Shock Load Resist
 Low Maintenance Cost
 Easy to Maintenance
 High Efficiency
High Efficiency Steam Engine

41. High Efficiency Steam Engine
Specification
Bore 8 In
Stroke 8.5 in
Action Single
No of Cylinder 4
Working Pressure 150 PSI
Steam Consumption 3,500 Kg/hr
Power 380 HP
280 kW
Induction Motor 250 kW
RPM 1,000
Frequency 50 Hz
Carnot Efficiency 30 %

42. Induction Motor with Screw Turbine

43. ABB Induction Motor

44. Mitsubishi Air Circuit Breaker

45. ThaiFires Burner and Boiler