Unit 8 Focus on Writing
Reading and Writing

Style: Cause and Effect
Writers use transitions to help readers
move from one idea to the next.
These words or phrases prepare the
reader for what type of information will
come next.

Different transitions are used to show
cause and effect. Notice that these
transitions are used with a complete
sentence containing a subject and verb.

Transitions used to show
‘Cause’
Because
Since
As
Use the „Why‟ question to double-check
your answers, “Why did…”

Transition: Effect
Therefore
Consequently
Thus
As a result
It‟s usually written in a complete sentence.

Exercise pp. 148-149
1. As a result
2. Since
3. Thus
4. Because
5. Consequently
6. Therefore
7. As
8. As a result

Grammar: Used to
Describe habits or customs in the past that
are not followed anymore.
Describe people‟s attitudes in the past
The negative form is: didn‟t use to

Exercise p. 151
1. Used to
2. Used to
3. Used to
4. Didn‟t use to

Assignment 3
Due date: April 28,

Topic
Write an essay about a popular trend in
fashion, possessions, hobbies, or health.
You will define the trend and give your
opinion about it.

Word-cluster [trends]
Electronic
hobbies fashion
Devices
In-line Body Cell
skating piercing phones
Building
tattoos Wii
web pages
What other types of trends are there?

Writing Definition Paragraph
Explains clearly what a word or expression
means.
It is used to explain something that the
reader might not know

Unit 8, The Search for Beauty
1st Paragraph
Definition of cosmetic surgery
Underline the sentences that define
cosmetic surgery

Definition paragraph
A face-lift is a kind of cosmetic surgery that
removes wrinkles and age lines from a person‟s
face. To do a face-lift, the doctor cuts open the
skin around the face, then lifts the skin up and
pulls it back. Then the extra skin is cut off. Face-
lifts used to be available only to very rich people
and were popular mostly with older women.
Today, the surgery is less expensive, so more
middle-class people can afford it. Also, more
young people and men are getting face-lifts.

Questions
1. What trend is defined?
2. Who follows this trend?
3. What additional information would you
like to know?

Brainstorming
Write 3 Wh-questions
Where is the trend popular?

 When did the trend start?
 How did the trend start?

Opinion Paragraph
Explains the writer‟s thoughts and feelings
about a topic

Opinion Paragraph
I would never get a face-lift or recommend one to a
friend. The fir4st reason is that cosmetic surgery,
like face-lifts, makes people think too much abut
what a person looks like on the outside, not the
personality on the inside. In addition, I don‟t
believe a face-lift can bring happines. There are
many very happy p[eople who are not perfect-
looking. Similarly, there are many beautiful
people who are very unhappy. It is more
important to work on having a happy life than to
worry about how you look all the time.

How does the writer feel about face-lifts?
Do you agree or disagree with the writer‟s
opinion? Why?

Essay outline
First Paragraph: Introduce your topics.
Include a thesis statement that identifies
the trend and your opinion about it. For
example, “Face lifts are becoming more
popular, but I believe that they will not
make people happy.”

Second Paragraph
Define the trend
Explain what it is and who follows it
Include additional information that will
improve the definition

Third Paragraph
Opinion Paragraph
What is your opinion about trend
Use details and examples to support your
opinion

Conclusion
Summarize the main ideas in your essay
and restate your thesis statement