6. SEE : There are various types of TREES and different HEIGHT.
There look very GREEN and NATURE.
HEAR : There have CRICKETS,BIRDS and WATER FLOWING’s SOUND.
TASTE : The taste of the natural are FRESH.
SMELL : The smell of the natural are FRESH and NATURAL.
FEEL : The feeling of the natural are COLD and FRESH.

7. SEE : The leaves are in GREEN COLOUR, DIFFERENT SHAPES and
DIFFERENT SIZES.
HEAR : When the leaves are blowing by the wind,its produce
NATURES MURMURING WHISPER.
TASTE : The taste of the leaves are BITTER.
SMELL : The leaves are SMELLES.
FEEL : The surface of the leaves are FLAT and SMOOTH.

8. SEE : The water in the river is very CLEARLY and SANDY.
HEAR : The sound of WATER FLOWING produced.
TASTE : The water in the river is TASTELESS.
SMELL : The water in the river is SMELLESS.
FEEL : The water in the river is FRESH and COLD.

9. SEE : The sand is very SMALL, TINY and IRREGULAR SHAPE.
HEAR : The sand CANNOT produce any SOUND.
TASTE : The sand is TASTELESS.
SMELL : The sand is SMELLESS.
FEEL : Different PLACE (SAND IN WATER or ON THE GROUND) of
sand are different FEELING (SMOOTH or ROUGH).

10. SEE : The rocks are IRREGULAR SHAPES and DIFFERENT SIZES.
HEAR : The rocks can produce a LITTLE SOUND when we knock it
by hand.
TASTE : The rocks are TASTELESS.
SMELL : The rocks are SMELLESS.
FEEL : SMALLER size of the rocks have SMOOTH SURFACE and
BIGGER size of the rocks have ROUGH SURFACE.

12. Taro is a common name for the corms and tubers of several plants in
the Araceae family. Of these, Colocasia esculenta is the most widely cultivated
and the subject of this article. More specifically, this article describes the
'dasheen' form of taro; another variety of taro is known as eddoe.
Taro is native to southeast Asia. It is a perennial, tropical plant primarily grown as
a root vegetable for its edible starchy corm, and as a leaf vegetable. It is a food
staple in African, Oceanic and Asian cultures and is believed to have been one of
the earliest cultivated plants. It is known by many local names and often referred
to as 'elephant ears' when grown as an ornamental plant.

13. SEE : The Taro is very SHORT and BIG.
HEAR : The leaves will produce a LITTLE SOUNDS when blowing by the
wind.
TASTE : The leaves of Taro is BITTER.
SMELL : The Taro is SMELLES.
FEEL : The leaves of Taro are SMOOTH and FLAT when touched it.

16. Taro root is often used in a similar fashion to a potato, but in fact has
better NUTRITIONAL qualities than a potato. It has almost three times
the DIETARY FIBER, which is important for proper digestive health and
regularity. FIBER can also fill you up and make you feel less hungry with
fewer calories. Taro root has a low GLYCEMIC INDEX, as opposed to
potato which has a high GLYCEMIC INDEX. A low GLYCEMIC INDEX
means that taro effects BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS slowly, without the peaks
and crashes of a high GLYCEMIC INDEX, which lead to increased hunger
later on. Eating a diet of low GLYCEMIC INDEX foods can also help
prevent DIABETES.
Taro is NUTRICIOUS, and is an excellent source of POTASSIUM, which is
an essential mineral for many bodily functions. Taro also contains some
CALCIUM, VITAMIN C, VITAMIN E and VITAMIN B, as well as
MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE and COPPER. Taro leaves contain good
amounts of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN C, FIBER and a relatively high
amount of PROTEIN.

17. Taro can be grown in paddy fields where water is abundant or in upland situations where
water is supplied by rainfall or supplemental irrigation. Taro is one of the few crops (along
with rice and lotus) that can be grown under flooded conditions. This is due to air spaces
in the petiole, which permit underwater gaseous exchange with the atmosphere. For a
maximum dissolved oxygen supply, the water should be cool and flowing. Warm, stagnant
water causes basal rotting. For maximum yields, the water level should be controlled so
that the base of the plant is always under water.
Flooded cultivation has some advantages over dry-land cultivation: higher yields (about
double), out-of-season production (which may result in higher prices), and weed control
(which flooding facilitates). On the other hand, in flooded production systems taro
requires a longer maturation period, investment in infrastructure, and higher operational
costs, and monoculture is likely.
Like most root crops, taro and eddoes do well in deep, moist or even swampy soils where
the annual rainfall exceeds 250 cm. Eddoes are more resistant to drought and cold. The
crop attains maturity within six to twelve months after planting in dry-land cultivation and
after twelve to fifteen months in wetland cultivation. The crop is harvested when the plant
height decreases and the leaves turn yellow. These signals are usually less distinct in
flooded taro cultivation.

18. The plant is inedible when raw and considered toxic due to the
presence of calcium oxalate crystals, typically as raphides. The toxin is
minimized by cooking, especially with a pinch of baking soda. It can
also be reduced by steeping taro roots in cold water overnight. Calcium
oxalate is highly insoluble and contributes to kidney stones. It has been
recommended to consume milk or other calcium-rich foods together
with taro.

19. The corms, which have a light purple color due to phenolic
pigments,are roasted, baked or boiled, and the natural sugars give a
sweet nutty flavor.
The starch is easily digestible, and since the grains are fine and small it
is often used for baby food.
The leaves are a good source of vitamins A and C and contain more
protein than the corms.

21. The Ulysses butterfly (Papilio ulysses), also known as the Blue
Mountain Butterfly or the Blue Mountain Swallowtail, is a
large swallowtail butterfly, endemic to Australasia.
This butterfly is used as an emblem for Queensland tourism.

22. The Ulysses butterfly typically has a wingspan of about 14 cm (5.5 in), but depending
on subspecies has some variations in size. The upperside of the wings are an iridescent
electric blue; the underside is a more subdued black and brown. The colours are
produced by the microscopic structure of the scales.

24. SEE : Size of Papilio Ulysses are BIGGER among the BUTTERFLIES. They have 6
legs and 2 eyes.
They have 2 long ANTHENAS.
HEAR : Papilio Ulysses CANNOT make SOUND.
TASTE : It tastes FISHY and SHRIMPHY.
SMELL : Papilio Ulysses smells like DRY GRASS.
FEEL : Papilio Ulysses has SMOOTH surface.

26. The vision of Papilio Ulysses changes radically in their different stages of
life. Caterpillars can barely see at all. They have simple eyes (ocelli)
which can only differentiate dark from light; they cannot form an image.
They are composed of photoreceptors (light-sensitive cells) and
pigments. Most caterpillars have a semi-circular ring of six ocelli on
each side of the head. Papilio Ulysses have compound eyes and simple
eyes. These eyes are made up of many hexagonal lens/corneas which
focus light from each part of the insect's field of view onto a rhabdome
(the equivalent of our retina). An optic nerve then carries this
information to the insect's brain. They see very differently from us; they
can see ultraviolet rays (which are invisible to us).

27. Papilio Ulysses's antennae, palps, legs,and many other parts of the body
are studded with sense receptors that are used to smell.
The sense of smell is used for finding food (usually flower nectar), and
for finding mates (the female smelling the male's pheromones).
Papilio Ulysses's feet have sense organs that can taste the sugar in
nectar, letting it know if something is good to eat or not.
Some females also taste host plants (using organs on their legs) in order
to find appropriate places to lay their eggs.
These receptors (called chemoreceptors) are nerve cells on the body's
surface which react to certain chemicals.
We have similar receptors in our nose and on our tongue.

28. Conservation
The Ulysses butterfly inhabits tropical rainforest areas and suburban gardens. It is
protected by the Australian government, although the species is not endangered. In the
past, this butterfly had been threatened but planting Pink Flowered Doughwood has
increased its numbers. Reduction in the number of the Euodia trees, a tree heavily used
for laying eggs and for leaves eaten by caterpillars, may threaten the survival of this
butterfly. Females favour small trees up to 2 metres tall to lay their eggs.
Diet
Foods for this butterfly include: kerosene wood, a variety of citrus plants, and Euodia.
The Ulysses butterfly's favorite food plant is the Pink Flowered Doughwood, a tree with
clusters of small pink flowers growing straight out of the branches.

29. The female of the species is different from the male in that she has
little crescents of blue in the back, upside sections of her hind wings,
where there is only black for males.
When the butterfly is perched the intense blue of its wings is hidden
by the plainer brown under side of its wings, helping it to blend
in with its surroundings.
When in flight, the butterfly can be seen hundreds of metres away as
sudden bright blue flashes.
Males are strongly attracted to the colour blue, including blue
objects which are sometimes mistaken for females.

31. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals
and microbes) in conjunction with the non-living components of
their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting
as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as
linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As
ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among
organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can
come in any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces
(although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).

32. Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an
ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.
It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also
captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one
another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through
the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By
breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the
atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass
back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.

33. Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such
as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall
structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves
influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota.
Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances
and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar
environments that are located in different parts of the world can end up doing things
very differently simply because they have different pools of species present.
The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem
function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by
them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally
controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these
resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root
competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the
types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their
cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.

34. Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes
of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of
goods and services upon which people depend; the principles
of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing
individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level
of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically
homogeneous units is an important step towards effective
ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to
do this.

35. Energy and carbon enter ecosystems through photosynthesis, are incorporated into
living tissue, transferred to other organisms that feed on the living and dead plant
matter, and eventually released through respiration. Most mineral nutrients, on the
other hand, are recycled within ecosystems.
Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors,
also called state factors, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way
things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. The most
important of these is climate. Climate determines the biome in which the ecosystem
is embedded. Rainfall patterns and temperature seasonality determine the amount of
water available to the ecosystem and the supply of energy available (by influencing
photosynthesis). Parent material, the underlying geological material that gives rise to
soils, determines the nature of the soils present, and influences the supply of
mineral nutrients. Topography also controls ecosystem processes by affecting things
like microclimate, soil development and the movement of water through a system.
This may be the difference between the ecosystem present in wetland situated in a
small depression on the landscape, and one present on an adjacent steep hillside.

36. Other external factors that play an important role in ecosystem functioning include
time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject
to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past
disturbance. Time plays a role in the development of soil from bare rock and
the recovery of a community from disturbance. Similarly, the set of organisms that can
potentially be present in an area can also have a major impact on ecosystems.
Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can
end up doing things very differently simply because they have different pools of
species present. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in
ecosystem function.
Unlike external factors, internal factors in ecosystems not only control ecosystem
processes, but are also controlled by them. Consequently, they are often subject
to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external
processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within
the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or
shading. Other factors like disturbance, succession or the types of species present are
also internal factors. Human activities are important in almost all ecosystems. Although
humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough
to influence external factors like climate.