Presentation on Tree Diversity Day, 11 October 2012, at the 11th CBD Conference of Parties in Hyderabad, India

1. Tree based local livelihood for low
C-emission development in peatlands
in Indonesia
Hes$
L.
Tata1,2
and
Meine
van
Noordwijk2
1 Forest Research & Development Agency, the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia
2 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

2. Sumatra
:
Kalimantan:
7.2
ha
5.8
million
ha
Papua
:
8
million
ha
• Peat
is
10%
of
Indonesia’s
land
area,
but
>50%
of
C
emissions,
• Peatland
C
stocks
per
unit
land
are
10
$mes
those
of
best
forest
on
mineral
soil
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

3. Peatland is organic matter accumulated
over thousands of years
BIODIVERSITY
LANDSCAPE
UNIQUENESS
President
decree
No
32/1990;
Act
of
Na$
oanl
Spa$alNo
21/1992:
Peatlands
>
3
meter
depth
is
protected.
Ministry
of
Agriculture
(no.14/2009):
Shallow
Peat
(0.5-­‐1m)
Medium
(1-­‐2
m),
can
be
used
for
agriculture
mineral
forest
peatland
mangrove
> 3m
River River
< 1m Organic matter < 1m
Thickness
Mineral Soil
Peat
domes
need
holis$c
Below/Above
Carbon
raHo
=
50
-­‐
88
(Average).
management;
drainage
at
In
Mentangai,
Central
Kalimantan
>
1200
x
the
edges
disturbes
the
core
Peatland
area
in
Indonesia
=
21
millions
ha
(1,600
ton
C/ha)
or
totally
33.7
Gt
C
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

4. Processes
entailed
in
(peat)
land
use
change
(1)
Plant
biomass
burning
(4)
C
Sequestra$on
(2)
Peat
burning
~200
t
C/ha
~40
t
C/ha
Peat
subsidance
60
cm
(3)
Peat
decomposi$on
Due
to
drainage
&
fer$liza$on
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

5. Threats
from
planta$ons
with
exo$c
tree
species
1. Acacia
mangium
Planta$on
N2-­‐fixa$on
increases
peat
decomposi$on
2.
Oil
palm
planta$on
and
smallholder
• Drainage
water
à
emission
&
subsidence
increase
• Reduce
biodiversity
• Need
more
resources
• Tend
to
be
invasive
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

6. Emissions
increase
rapidly
with
depth
of
drainage,
but
a
few
years
acer
‘disturbance’
a
few
Oil
palm
decimeters
of
planta$ons
groundwater
depth
is
possible
without
high
emissions
Smallholder
agroforestry
Smallholder
operates
in
this
agroforestry
low-­‐emission
space
Maswar
PhD-­‐
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
thesis
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

7. Tree-­‐based
agroforestry
op$ons
But
can
farmers
make
a
living
with
such
systems?
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

8. Na$ve
species
of
peatland
Species
(Local
Name)
Uses
Shorea
uliginosa
(meran$
batu)
$mber
Shorea
balangiran
(balangiran)
$mber
Dyera
polyphylla
(jelutong)
Latex
(isolator,
bubble
gum,
handicrac)
and
wood
(for
pencil
slate
Gonystylus
spp.
(ramin)
$mber,
alloewood
San9ria
laevigata
(sundi)
Latex
(isolator,
medical
tools)
Garcinia
parvifolia
(asam
kandis)
spice
Aquilaria
spp.
(gaharu)
alloewood
Combretocarpus
sp.
(bintangur)
Light
$mber,
dye
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

9. Jelutong:
Tree
of
the
Past
600
500
Latex
ProducHon
(ton)
400
300
200
100
0
2003 2004 2005 2006
Pangkalan
Bun
Palangka
Raya
Sampit
Source:
Indonesia
Forestry
Magazine
(2008)
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

10. Jelutong:
Tree
of
the
Past
Latex
Export
volume
and
export
value
of
jelutong
latex
of
Central
Kalimantan
Year
Export
Volume
Average
Value
(ton)
(USD/ton)
2000
96
4,967
2001
128
4,593
2002
176
4,500
2003
192
4,700
2004
192
4,700
2005
176
4,700
2006
176
4,700
Source:
Indonesia
Forestry
magazine
(2008)
Handicrac
of
Dayaknese
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

11. Jelutong:
Tree
of
the
Future
• Propaga$on
of
jelutong
is
well
known
• Cer$fied
mother
trees
as
seeds
and
seedlings
resources.
• Farmer
in$a$ve
on-­‐farm
system,
supported
by
local
government
in
order
to
rehabilitate
degraded
peatland(case
in
Jambi
and
Central
Kalimantan)
• It
has
been
promoted
as
priority
species
of
non-­‐$mber
forest
products
of
East
Tanjung
Jabung
district
(by
a
decree
of
Head
of
District).
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

12. Tree-­‐based
Agroforestry
op$ons
Jelutong
+
Beklenut
+
Jelutong
+
Oil
Palm
Coconut
Jelutong
&
Rambutan
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

13. Prospects:
• Growth
of
on-­‐farm
jelutong
(6yr
acer
plan$ng):
diameter=
9.3
±
3cm;
C
stock
of
tree=
2.7
t/ha
• Latex
can
be
tapped
at
d=25
cm
or
at
the
age:
12-­‐16.5
yr
acer
plan$ng
(DGR:1,6-­‐2
cm/yr).
• Other
benefits:
seeds,
seedlings,
Jelutong
seeds
and
from
other
products
of
mixed-­‐
trees.
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

14. Challenges:
• Technical
problems
on
cul$va$on:
pest
&
disease,
fire,
capital
• Market
opportuni$es
• Gene$c
diversity
of
jelutong
from
wild
vs
on-­‐farm
need
to
be
explored
à
on-­‐going
study
• Policy
/regula$on
support:
latex
and
wood
from
farm
produc$on
• Does
it
meet
Aichi
target
of
CBD?
Ø Target
4
(use
of
natural
resources)?
Ø Target
7(area
of
forest
under
sustainable
management)?
Ø Target
13
(agricultural
biodiversity)?
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

15. Thank
you
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012

16. Biodiversity
of
Peatlands
TREE DIVERSITY SIDE
EVENT
Hyderabad, 11 October 2012