Selenium

Selenium Adam Goucher [email_address]

Lecture Objective

Give students an introduction to web automation using the Selenium framework.

What is Selenium?

Selenium is a web test tool that runs in the browser

Because it runs in the browser, it does exactly what a user does

What tests can Selenium do?

Browser compatibility – One script, many browsers

Regression

Javascript

Selenium is written in Javascript

Javascript is how AJAX applications are written, so Selenium can test them too

Where to get it?

Selenium can be downloaded and installed for free from http:// www.openqa.org

QTP vs. Selenium

QTP is not cross platform, Selenium is

QTP costs a lot of money, Selenium is free

QTP needs VBScript, Selenium has lots of language bindings

The default format of testing in Selenium is HTML

QTP can control other types of applications other than web

Multiple Seleniums?

There are 3 versions of Selenium

Selenium Core – The main component of Selenium

Selenium RC – A scripting layer over Selenium Core

Selenium IDE – a Firefox extension with record / playback functionality

Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE adds a layer of Record / Playback to Selenium

Is available for Firefox only

First Script link=sqa clickAndWait Submit01 clickAndWait label=Banking ct_category select qa queryTitle type /jobmining/ open Value Target Command

Checkpoints

Of course, scripts wouldn’t be tests if they didn’t check something

assert* tests fail the test immediately

verify* tests keep track of results and continue the script regardless

Job Requirements sdrfasf asserTextPresent Job Description dgds verifyTextPresent

Locators

Selenium identifies what a component is through the use of a locator

link=name

dom=document.images[56]

xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]

css=a[href="#id3"]

Depending on your application, there might be major performance differences

Playback

Playback of a single script is handled through the IDE

Run – Go as fast as the script can process

Walk – Slows down the execution

Step – Executes the next step

Test Suites

In order to run multiple scripts, you need to chain them together in a Test Suite

Just another html table

Runs inside Firefox, but not in S-IDE

Saved in the same directory as the tests that are included in it

Test Suites

<table>

<tr>

<td>Job Search test suite</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a target="testFrame" href=“selenium-ide-01.html">Job Search</a></td>

</tr>

</table>

Test Suites

The URL has a specific format

chrome://selenium-ide/content/selenium/TestRunner.html?baseURL=http://your_hose:port&test=file:///c://temp/qa109/testsuite.html&auto=true&multiWindow=false

Selenium RC

Selenium IDE is great for quick recording of tests, but it somewhat lacks for power

Selenium RC gives you the ability to drive Selenium from a real programming language (Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, and more)

Why do you want a real language?

By using Selenium inside a full fledged language you can do the following

Seed the database

Check the database

Control external services

Launch multiple windows

Run multiple browsers in parallel

In addition to running the actual test.

Proxy

Because the commands for Selenium RC are embedded in a script, a proxy is needed to control the browser.

Python

There are python bindings for most of the Selenium calls

Watch for naming differences

While not necessary, most use the unittest module with Selenium

import selenium, unittest

class JM(unittest.TestCase):

def setUp(self):

protocol = "http"

host = "your host"

port = your_port_number

self.verificationErrors = []

self.selenium = selenium.selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", "%s://%s:%s" % (protocol, host, port)) self.selenium.start()

self.selenium.open("/jobmining/")

def test_doSearch(self):

sel = self.selenium

sel.open("/jobmining/")

sel.type("queryTitle", "qa")

sel.select("ct_category", "label=Banking")

sel.click("Submit01")

sel.wait_for_page_to_load("30000")

sel.click("link=sqa")

sel.wait_for_page_to_load("30000")

try:

self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present("Job Description dgds"))

except AssertionError, e:

self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))

def tearDown(self):

self.selenium.stop()

if __name__ == "__main__":

unittest.main()

Data Driven

One key concept when doing automation is to recycle your scripts through data driving them

Use the underlying language you are using Selenium RC with to handle most of it for you

Same Origin

Prevents a document or script loaded from one origin from getting or setting properties of a document from a different origin – Mozilla security documentation