Introduction to Open Access

Open Mind 4 Open Access - or how to enhance the impact of your publication Andrea Goetzke Charité 2. Dezember 09

Very brief introduction

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Digitale Kultur Digitale Gesellschaft Unsere Themen Open Source Strategien Soziale Medien

Beratung und Projektleitung Webtechnologie und Umsetzung Unsere Arbeit Veranstaltungen und Netzwerk Analyse und Publikation

Open Source Technologien Menschen, Diskurse, Kollaboration Open Source Strategien Creative Commons offene Organisationsprozesse

Open Access Overview

What ... Making publicly funded research publications available * online * accessible for anyone at no cost * free to copy, share and use.

Why – in a nutshell Technological: The Internet is an effective distribution system. Economic: Public budgets subsidize research publications three times: 1) Research 2) Peer-Review 3) Library Subscription/License. Furthermore, the cost of scientific journals have vastly increased while library budgets have remained stagnant. Social: Work funded by the public should be available to the public. Scientific: The research impact rises if more people have access to research. Availability of scientific publications supports overall scientific progress.

open source software open content open education open government open hardware open knowledge open access open design open data ... a broader picture “Openness – an unanticipated consequence of the turn to the digital” Gale Moore “on the shoulders of giants” Is there such a thing as intellectual property? the commons and the public domain Urheberrechte (copyrights)

Open Access Developments and Milestones

2000 Public Library of Science (PloS) writes open letter to journal publishers to make articles freely available 6 months after initial publication 2001 Budapest Open Access Initiative, came out of a meeting of the Open Society Institute 2003 Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing

2003 Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities * 2 conditions of open access: ** use of open license ** establishment of institutional repositories * Signatories agree to support the transition to an open access paradigm - Our organizations aim to find solutions that support further development of the existing legal and financial frameworks in order to facilitate optimal use and access. * German signatories include Max Planck, Helmholtz, Fraunhofer, Leibniz, Wissenschaftsrat, DFG http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html

Since 2006 official position of the DFG: Die DFG erwartet, dass die mit ihren Mitteln finanzierten Forschungsergebnisse publiziert und dabei möglichst auch digital veröffentlicht und für den entgeltfreien Zugriff im Internet (Open Access) verfügbar gemacht werden. Die entsprechenden Beiträge sollten dazu entweder zusätzlich zur Verlagspublikation in disziplinspezifische oder institutionelle elektronische Archive (Repositorien) eingestellt oder direkt in referierten bzw. renommierten Open Access Zeitschriften publiziert werden. Autoren sind angehalten mit Verlagen zu verhandeln dass sie ihr Urheberrecht behalten, dass sie Karenzzeiten von max. 6 – 12 Monate ausmachen können; dass sie das Recht behalten in OA Journals oder OA Repositories/Archiven zu veröffentlichen. Support to Open Access Information platform and other related projects.

2009 – a turbulent year for Open Access (OA) in Germany February – Roland Reuss (Germanist) article in FAZ: OA restricts scientists' freedoms and ruins small/medium publishers. March – Heidelberger Appell: Advocates for authors' rights to publish where and how they like. Mixes up belletristic with scientific publications. Against both Open Access and Google Booksearch. March – Joint declaration of German scientific organizations to clarify what Open Access in science means. Further discussions around Google Book Settlement, VG Wort ...

Oktober 2009 – Petition to the German Bundestag on Open Access to Scientific Publications (17.116 signatories on 1 Dec 09, can be signed until 22 Dec 09: https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/index.php? action=petition;sa=details;petition=7922) November 2009 - Manchester Manifesto Who owns science? In many cases, profit has become the primary reward for research and development – while the motivations public welfare and scientific progress are disregarded.

The practical side Licensing options

BY - Attribution ND – No Derivatives NC – Non SA – Share Alike Commercial

“We identify unnecessary barriers to research, craft policy guidelines and legal agreements to lower those barriers, and develop technology to make research, data and materials easier to find and use.” Health Commons as one of the Science Commons projects.

Open Access Publishing Options

The green road: Institutional and Disciplinary Repositories CC-BY-NC-ND Karmin photography (flickr)

Die Nutzenden sollen die Volltexte uneingeschränkt lesen, kopieren, verteilen, drucken, in ihnen suchen, auf sie verweisen und sie auch sonst auf jede denkbare legale Weise nutzen können, ohne dabei an finanzielle, gesetzliche oder technische Barrieren zu stoßen. ... Die Universität steht dafür ein, dass die Authentizität, Integrität und eindeutige Zitierbarkeit der auf diesem Server abgelegten Publikationen gewährleistet ist. Damit wird gleichzeitig eine weltweite Verfügbarkeit und Langzeitarchivierung gesichert. (Open Access Policy der Humboldt Universität Berlin)

The golden route: Open Access Journals

Open Access (OA) Journals – some more infos * The Directory of OA Journals (www.doaj.org) today has 4475 journals in its directory. In early 2009 they had 3814. * OA Journals make up 8,5% of all active, peer-reviewed, scholarly journals, and 12,5% of the online ones. Björk, Hedlund (2009): Two Scenarios for How Scholarly Publishers Could Change Their Business Model to Open Access. In: The Journal of Electronic Publishing, vol. 12, no. 1.

Open Access Journals – Procedures and Business Models * Authors retain their full rights. * Article processing charges: about 1.000 – 2.000 EUR * Journal provides tools for peer-review, publication and archiving * Author fees as part of scientific budgets (e.g. DFG) * Institutional membership sometimes covers or reduces individual author fees * Several publishers offer both options, like Springer Open Choice ...

Some further points and discussions

Publishers hesitate to fully embrace Open Access and they still make good profits with their existing business model. Authors look for journals with high impact factors and prestige. The business model of the entire system research funding – research – peer-review – publication is being changed with Open Access.

Studies prove that Open Access articles are cited (up to 3 times) more often than online articles that are not openly available. Open Access articles are cited earlier than other articles. Open Access articles are not confined to libraries and countries with large budgets. Open Access stimulates scientific progress and cooperation.

Thank you very much! Andrea Goetzke andrea.goetzke@newthinking.de Schönhauser Allee 6/7 10119 Berlin 030 - 692 033 791

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Introduction to Open Access

by Andrea Goetzke on Dec 03, 2009

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Introduction to Open Access — Presentation Transcript